I S 8 the immigration problem 
general utilization of immigrants of recent years as 
unskilled workmen, and their consequent lower earning 
capacity, is well illustrated by the low averages for the 
foreign-born glass workers as contrasted with those 
of native birth. The lowest earnings of the foreign- 
born wage-earners are shown in connection with the 
cotton-goods manufacturing industry, where their 
average weekly wages are $9.28. The average weekly 
rate in the woolen and worsted goods industry is also 
low, being only $9.96. 
The foreign-born members of races from Great 
Britain and northern Europe show a higher level of 
average weekly earnings than do those from southern 
and eastern Europe. One of the most striking facts 
indicated by a comparison of the earnings of the races 
in the different industries is that earning ability is 
more the outcome of industrial opportunity or condi 
tions of employment than of racial efficiency and 
progress. This fact becomes evident when the aver 
age weekly earnings of the members of a race, or of 
several races, in the cotton or woolen and worsted 
goods industry, are considered in connection with the 
earnings of the same race or races in other industries. 
The Lithuanians, for example, earn an average of 
$12.24 weekly in the manufacture of agricultural im 
plements and vehicles, $11.60 in clothing, $13.60 in 
copper mining and smelting, $9.87 in furniture, $12.89 
in iron and steel, $11.98 in iron-ore mining, $9.50 in 
leather, $12.85 > n °il refining, $10.87 in shoes, $10.67 
in sugar refining, but only $7.86 in cotton and $7.97 
in woolen and worsted manufacturing. The same 
condition of affairs is shown by other races in differ 
ent industries. 
A more detailed showing as to the status of the