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EMPLOYMENT  PSYCHOLOGY

numerable  misfits,  or  rather,  nojhs,  men  and  women  without ­
  any  special  training  or  occupation,  or  with  a  training
that  leads  to  nothing  in  particular.  As  long  as  only
a  fraction  of  the  population  was  required  to  work,  this
fact  was  not  flagrantly  evident;  but  as  soon  as  the  stress
of  war  made  some  kind  of  work  incumbent  upon  everybody, ­
  the  discrepancy  became  plain.  Because  of  the  unreadiness ­
  of  educational  institutions,  the  work  of  refitting ­
  and  reeducating  a  people  fell  upon  the  industrial
world.  The  success  with  which  the  problem  was  met  by
industries  in  all  countries  is  one  of  the  outstanding  features
of  the  war  and  a  standing  lesson  to  all  educators.  In  the
future  there  will  be  a  much  closer  cooperation  between
educational  and  industrial  institutions,  and  the  problem
of  vocational  guidance  will  receive  much  more  careful
attention.  The  application  of  tests  in  this  connection
will  be  of  considerable  value.
In  addition  to  the  selection  and  training  of  workers  for
the  more  advanced  types  of  work,  work  which  requires
special  ability  and  training,  there  are  many  kinds  of  work
in  every  large  industry  which  do  not  deserve  the  name
vocation.  A  vocation  implies  work  which  requires  a  certain ­
  degree  of  education,  experience,  and  training,  such
as  are  required  by  a  business,  a  profession,  or  a  trade.
It  implies  particularly  the  presence  of  features  so  interesting ­
  that  they  are  capable  of  engaging  a  man’s  entire
attention  and  ambition.  A  vocation  is  often  desired  as
much  for  its  own  sake  as  for  the  sake  of  the  financial
reward  which  it  brings.  However,  there  are  many  kinds
of  work  which  do  not  possess  these  characteristics.  A
job  analysis  which  covered  the  work  of  over  eighteen
thousand  people  showed  that  seventy-six  per  cent  of
the  jobs  required  no  particular  previous  experience  or