518 PARLIAMENTARY COLBERTISM
Master Manufacturers for one in the space of a few years,
and five times the Number of Workmen. These Towns
owe their greatness as well as the Nation the Trades here
mentioned to the public spirit of two or three Men in
each,......This spreading of Trade and multiplying of Masters
has so astonishingly enlarged these Cities of late years,
and increased the numbers of Workmen®” Capitalism was
becoming the prevalent type of organisation, and it was
specially appropriate for exotic trades. Any trade, which
had been constituted under the control of large employers
in its older habitat, was likely to be introduced in the same
form ; and as capital was an important factor in the transferring
 of a trade to a new area, there was a tendency for
the industry, as transplanted, to conform to the capitalist
type. This trend towards capitalism had already been exemplified
 in the planting of new industries under Elizabeth?;
it seems to be probable that both the mew drapery and
the cotton manufacture® were organised, from their first
introduction to this country, by employers. Though some of
the protestant refugees were mere labourers, others were
men of considerable means and of tried capacity, who were
well able to engage in trades where an expensive plant
was necessary. The gun-making which was developed at
Birmingham, the paper manufacture and glass works which
sprang up in so many places, were necessarily organised as
capitalist undertakings. There were, of course, other cases
where the newly introduced or developed trade was organised
Domestic on domestic lines. This was to some extent true of the silk
as industry, from its artistic character, though the cost of the
jeems 0 material rendered it particularly suitable for capitalist interwperseded
 vention’, We can find indications of the transformation of
this trade on the capitalist model, which are closely analogous
to the steps in the reconstitution of old-established English

A.D. 1689
~1776.

tended to
develop on
rapitatist
lines.

1 Reflexions upon various subjects [ Brit. Mus. 1144 (8)]. 2 See above, p. 78.
8 The cotton trade appears to have been organised on capitalist lines in
Augsburg, long before its migration to Antwerp, or to England. Nuebling,
lms Handel in Mittelalter, 142, in Schmoller’s Forschungen, IX. Vo
t Smiles, Huguenots, 263 ; Macpherson, Annals, m. 617.
5 A mere labourer would have great difficulty in purchasing it—on the other
hand the capitalist would run special risks of embezzlement.