TORY SENTIMENTS 607 
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standings about credit, both in the principles of the Sinking 
Fund, and in forcing on the Suspension of Cash payments? 
He seemed to inherit not only the principles but the weak- 
nesses of Tory finance, 
Under Pitt's peace administration, the application of 
these Tory principles was not unfavourable to English in- 
dustry, but the old jealousy between the landed and the The Tory 
moneyed interest was by no means extinct. Industry was a ou 
assuming capitalist forms, and there was much in the new 75reved 
development of manufacturing that jarred upon Tory senti- 
ment. The country gentleman cherished a suspicion that 
his interests had always been subordinated to those of some 
trade; in the pasture countries, he had grumbled at the 
measures which were intended to keep down the price of 
wool; in woodland districts, he had felt aggrieved because 
the iron-masters were permitted to dispense with his fuel in 
smelting and to import bar-iron from the colonies. The 
capitalist, who succeeded in getting these necessary materials 
cheap, was his natural enemy; and the landed men were all 
the more ready to give credence to complaints in regard was asso: 
to the moneyed men’s attitude towards labourers. That Fame 
personal property contributed little towards the relief of iran 
the poor was clear; while there was some reason to suppose 
that the development and migration of manufactures were 
largely responsible for the continued difficulties in regard to 
pauperism. The callousness of the trading interest beyond 
the sea to the distresses of kidnapped servitors and the 
miseries of the slave trade, gradually roused a philanthropic i regard 
sentiment, which was eventually to exercise a powerful in- 2 ls 
fluence on the condition of labour at home. This was 
perhaps the most wholesome form which the immemorial 
jealousy of the landed for the moneyed interest had taken, 
but it is not a mere accident that so much of the humani- 
tarian activity of the eighteenth and early nineteenth 
centuries should have emanated from the Tory camp. 
Samuel Johnson was one of the earliest and most vehement 
opponents of the slave trade, and it was at the table of his 
L See below, p. 696. 
See p. 692 below.