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POSTSCRIPT 
been made, for good or evil, to govern Ireland according to 
Irish ideas, and to introduce and diffuse a wider acquaintance 
with the Erse language and literature. The Scotch failed in 
their endeavour to impose their habits of thought and insti- 
butions on England, as the price of their assistance in the 
Great Rebellion; and since the Restoration the effort at 
play expanding the English model, and introducing it in all parts 
ment of the Of the English realm, has been abandoned. The North 
desire to. American colonies were allowed to develop on their own 
oes 2 religious and social lines, and at the Union in 1707, the 
So rages Scottish ecclesiastical institutions and the Scottish legal 
systems were preserved intact, and side by side with those of 
England. The right and freedom for different nations to 
preserve their own language and traditions and sentiments 
within a single political community has been acknowledged, 
and this is the basis of English policy in all parts of the 
world. There is no other great civilised community in 
modern times which has shown itself ready to take this line; 
in the United States the need of assimilating the alien 
elements which immigrate there is constantly before men’s 
minds. The Tories and Loyalists were thrust out after the 
successful struggle against the British Crown?, and there is a 
determination so far as possible to keep out those who do not 
easily adapt themselves to American conceptions of citizen- 
ship. In Russia and Germany the pressure of the military 
system renders still more active measures inevitable; and 
she troubles in the Polish provinces of Prussia, and in Finland, 
mark the contrast between the prevailing ideas in England 
and in other great States upon the respect to be shown ta 
racial sentiment and tradition. 
oa It is perhaps less obvious that in England there is a 
respect for remarkably highly developed care for human life as such. The 
human life, gifference on this point between all Western peoples and savage 
tribes. or the civilisations of the East is very marked; and 
when East and West come in contact, there is a tendency for 
the higher races to take the savage or half-civilised at their 
own val#ation. In England, since the agitation against the 
slave-trade began, there has been a serious effort to apply 
1 McMaster in Cambridge Modern History, vit. 307,