200 
EMPLOYMENT PSYCHOLOGY 
Possessed of the 
necessary ability. 
Possessed of the nec 
essary moral traits. 
Without the nec 
essary ability. 
Without the nec 
essary moral traits. 
The four possible combinations are as follows: (i) Those 
with the necessary technique and also the necessary moral 
traits. (2) Those with the necessary ability but without 
the necessary moral traits. (3) Those without the neces 
sary ability but with the necessary moral traits. (4) 
Those without the necessary ability and without the neces 
sary moral traits. 
Now, it will be seen that psychological tests, by being 
able to discover and measure ability or technique, imme 
diately make it possible to reduce the number of possible 
mistakes in selection by fifty per cent. By means of tests 
we are enabled, in the first place, to separate those who 
have the requisite ability from those who do not, regard 
less of the existence of the moral qualities. Therefore, the 
large number of applicants who have not the necessary 
ability to succeed at the particular job in question are 
rejected at once. Those who have the necessary ability 
may now be divided into two classes, those who have the 
necessary moral traits and those who have not. Because 
psychological tests cannot definitely discover the presence 
and degree of the moral qualities, the psychological exam 
iner is likely to recommend both of these groups for work. 
Of the number, some will undoubtedly fail because even 
though they have the requisite ability they lack the neces 
sary moral traits. There remain, then, those who have