EMPLOYMENT  PSYCHOLOGY,  LABOR,  AND  INDUSTRY  389
tration  boards  do  not  furnish  such  a  criterion.  The
ordinary  arbitration  board  is  even  less  able  to  classify
workers  than  the  ordinary  employment  office.  The  very
fact  which  hinders  such  boards  in  their  attempts  to  render
a  fair  and  just  decision  is  the  absence  of  any  impersonal
standard  which  will  enable  them  to  insure  that  the  classification ­
  of  workers  upon  which  their  decision  must  be
based  is  an  exact  one.  The  psychological  method,  however,
by  means  of  the  same  technique  which  has  been  applied
to  the  classification  of  individuals  in  the  employment
office,  will  make  it  possible  to  classify  doubtful  individuals ­
  in  the  case  of  labor  disputes.  By  the  application  of
standard  measures,  in  the  form  of  tests,  questions,  or
demonstrations,  it  will  become  possible  for  the  psycholo~
gist  to  furnish  both  labor  and  industry,  or  the  arbitration
board  which  sits  for  them,  a  scientific  and  impersonal
basis  for  making  the  classification  which  they  desire.
The  relation  of  employment  psychology  to  labor  and
industry,  then,  is  an  impersonal  relation.  Like  all  other
sciences,  it  is  impartial.  It  does  not  aim  to  help  any
cause  or  any  party.  It  is  merely  an  instrument,  a  method,
which  will  serve  without  favor  whoever  makes  use  of  it.
If  industry  wishes  to  obtain  the  best  possible  kind  of
human  material,  if  it  wishes  to  make  the  best  possible  use
of  its  workers,  if  it  wishes  to  maintain  a  reliable  check
on  its  classification  of  workers,  employment  psychology
is  at  its  disposal.  On  the  other  hand,  if  organized  labor
wishes  to  carry  out  collective  bargaining,  if  it  wishes  to
base  its  claims  for  individuals  on  the  sound  basis  of  ability ­
  and  training,  employment  psychology  provides  it
with  a  technique  which  will  enable  it  to  classify  properly
its  collection  of  workers  for  that  purpose.
As  for  the  individual  out  of  work—to  be  without  a  job