153 WOMEN’S MUSLIN-UNDERWEAR INDUSTRY. 
TABLE 42.—AVERAGE PER ESTABLISHMENT OF VALUE OF MACHINERY AND FIXTURES, 
NeW MACHINERY PURCHASED, CosT OF REPAIRS, AND NUMBER OF MACHINES, BY 
GROUPS AND COMBINATIONS OF GROUPS OF ESTABLISHMENTS. 
Average Average Average Average number of 
Num. Valueof ‘costof costof machines at end 
ber of 0%" Joo Wrepairs to of year. 
5 « chiner, chiner; ma-~ — — 
Establishments. Groups. estab. and ay pur | chinery 
ures at. chase and fix- 3 : 
ments. onqof during tures dur Cutting. | Sewing. 
year. year. ing year. 
All reporting data. ......... Ito VIII...... 65 $9,801 §701 $400 0.99 104. 83 
In New York City......... al to IV........ 43 7.372 540 359 74 82.79 
Outside New York City.... V to VIIL..... 22 14,549 1,016 481 1.45 147.91 
Having net sales of— 
Less than $100,000..... Iand V....... 21 3,989 274 217 .43 45.71 
$100,000 and less than 
$200,000.50 uve. 4 iI and VI...) 20 7,125 550 222 1.19 76.95 
$200,000 and less than 
$400,000... -...---.- IIT and VII... 15 12,893 1,497 609 1.40 138.07 
$400,000 and over....... IV and VIII.. 9 24,156 705 873 1.33 249. 33 
In New York City having 
nef sales of— 
Less than $100,000. .... I......ice.... 14 3,535 157 215 .21 40.93 
$100,000 and less than 
$200,000... ......- a0... 12 5,001 542 201 79 58.42 
$200,000 and less than 
$200,000... csc oven AID 11 10, 666 1,19) 659 1.18 112.73 
$400,000 and over....... IV... 6 15,029 238 460 .83 174.33 
Outside’ New York City, 
having net sales of— : 
Less than $100,000. ..... 7 4,898 507 222 . 86 55.29 
$100,000 and less than 
$200,000. . ont sien IEE 2 10,311 563 254 1.38 104.75 
$200,000 and less than 
SUN000. nore RYE © 10,00 2,312 412 2.00 200.75 
$400,000 andover...... V1 42,410 1,640 1,700 2,33 399. 33 
The total amount of capital employed by the 65 establishments was 
$4,718,489, or an average of $72,592. The inventory of machinery 
and fixtures belonging to all of these establishments amounted to 
$954,070, or an average of $14,678. This average of $14,678, which 
is shown in the table, is 22.98 per cent of the average capital em- 
ployed in the business. - 
The table shows that the average number of machines per estab- 
lishment was less in New York City than in other localities. The 
number of sewing machines per establishment in New York City 
averaged 82.79 and the number outside of New York averaged 147.91. 
The average value of the machinery outside of New York was about 
twice what it was in New York. The only explanation of this that 
can be suggested is that in New York City, where rents are higher 
than in other localities, manufacturers are careful to have only as 
much machinery as they can keep in use most of the time, giving 
work out by contract during the busy season. In other localities 
manufacturers have a surplus of machines to use in emergencies when 
orders for goods are large. As shown by the table, not all manufac- 
utrers use cutting machines. Such machines are not necessary where 
small orders of goods are manufactured. 
All of the machines, except three of the sewing machines, were of 
domestic manufacture. 
MANUFACTURING PROCESSES. 
There are three grades of work in the women’s muslin-underwear 
industry; the nap and medium Phioed grades require high-speed 
machinery and little hand labor, while the fine Ende Dp highly 
skilled workers and a larger proportion of hand Iabor. The principal 
1) C