202 REPORT ON COOPERATION IN AMERICAN EXPORT TRADE.
SECTION 2.. IRON AND STEEL.

Only a few of the most highly developed nations industrially are
yreat producers of iron and steel and their manufactures. All the
cest of the world is dependent upon them for iron and steel products.
Such articles therefore comprise one of the greatest classes of commodities
 entering into international commerce.
At the beginning of the last century Great Britain was far in the
lead of other countries in the production of iron and steel. By 1896
Germany had developed her industry, and secured a substantial
lead over Great Britain. By 1900 the United States was producing
 more than twice as much steel as Great Britain, and
nearly one-half of both the iron and steel manufactured throughout
 the world. The United States now holds the lead in this industry,
 with Germany in the second place, Great Britain third, and with
France, Russia, Belgium, and Austria-Hungary: following! In
1918 the United States produced 61,980,437 long tons of iron ore;
30,966,152 tons of pig iron; and 31,300,874 tons of steel? Most of
this enormous production was consumed in the domestic market.
During the year ending June 30, 1914, there were exported from the
United States about 800,000 long tons of iron and semifinished steel in
the form of pig, bars, rods, sheets, and plates, and 47,000 long tons of
tin plates, terneplates and taggers tin. In addition about 900,000 long
tons of iron and steel products ready for consumption, such as
structural steel, rails, nails and spikes, wire, pipes and fittings
were exported.® The tonnage of iron and steel which entered into
such exports as machinery, hardware, and other articles exported
ready for consumption is not reported, but there is reason to believe
that it does not equal that of the other exports of iron and steel
products. It is obvious, therefore, that only a small fraction of the
tonnage produced annually in the United States enters into its export
trade.
The value of the exports of manufactures of iron and steel was
about $251,000,000, of which about $33,000,000 covered materials for
further manufacture, and $218,000,000+ articles ready for consumption.
 Total exports of iron and steel manufactures to Canada
amounted to over one-third ($76,700,000)® of the total amount. Of
materials for use in further manufacture, about 60 per cent ¢ of the

1 Statesman’s Year Book, 1914, p. Hi; J. 8. Jeans, The Iron Trade of Great Britain
(London), 1906, p. 13; W. J. Ashley: British Industries (London), 1903, pp. 2, 8.
17, S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of the United States, 1913, Part I, pp.
318, 325, and 333.
3 Commerce and Navigation of the United States, 1914, pp. 727-730.
i Tbid., Table X. pp. XL-XLI.
sTrade of the United States with other American Countries, 1913-14, Bureau of Forsign
 and Domestic Commerce, Miscellaneous Series No. 23 (1915), pp. 14-16.
8 Commerce and Navigation of the United States, 1914, Table X, pp. XL-XLL