PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS
2. Imposed by location of answer on page, and by context

3. Imposed by number of available responses provided
(a) Multiple choice
(6) Two choice
The free response or essay type of examination places no
limitations on the kind or length of response which may be
made. An example is the ordinary school examination question
 commencing: “Discuss the development of . . . .”
Such a question consumes a great deal of time in answering
and is very difficult to score. Even at best it cannot be
scored as objectively as some of the other forms. It may be
valuable in selecting secretaries who can write good, clear
English, or in sampling ability to organize one’s knowledge
for logical and effective written presentation. In the oral
trade test the response is free but the answer is scored as
correct if a certain crucial word is used in the response.
Three common types of items calling for constrained responses
 may be distinguished, varying from the least constrained
 to the greatest.
Some questions are so worded as to require the answer in
certain definite units or to place other limitations on the response.
 In the question: “How far is it from New York to
Chicago?” no constraint is placed on the response; but if the
question is worded: “How many miles is it from New York
to Chicago?” constraint is placed on the response by requiring
 it to be in miles. In the free association test the person
is given a stimulus word and told to write or speak as
quickly as he can the first word it suggests to him. No constraint
 is placed on his response. But in the controlled association
 test the directions require the person to give a
certain sort of reply, such as the opposite of each stimulus
word.
In the form of controlled association test known as the
“completion test,” the stimulus is a sentence with one or
more words missing, to be supplied. Variants of this form

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