ECONOMIC VALUE OF EXAMINATIONS 22: 
judged by the type of men who represent it and the quality 
of manufactured products which it places on the market. 
Still less tangible is the effect of turnover on morale or 
esprit de corps. A large turnover unsettles a department 
and is a stimulus for men to leave who ordinarily would 
remain with the company. 
Adoption of more efficient methods of selection reduces 
the cost of some or all of the items mentioned above. It 
also enables the management to use special incentives with 
those men who are most likely to succeed. 
The investigator should secure reliable data on as many of 
these items as is feasible, and make conservative estimates 
where precise data are not to be had. In his report the im- 
portance of these items and the possibility of economies may 
be presented graphically as well as statistically. This report 
must distinguish clearly between economies which are cer- 
tain and those which are only probable or of doubtful 
amount. Estimates must avoid both ambiguity and exagger- 
ation if they are to command respect. 
For his self-satisfaction the investigator may rest assured 
that better selection methods benefit not only the employer 
but also the worker, by keeping him out of occupations for 
which he is unfit and in which he will be discontented. In a 
broad way the results of his researches will be of value to 
society, as well as to industry. 
The considerations here brought forward regarding the 
comparative worth of the old and the new type of procedure 
in vocational selection will probably lead to a decision in 
favor of the introduction of the new methods, provided the 
investigator has shown resourcefulness as well as analytical 
talent; has been able to secure a dependable criterion of suc- 
cess on the job; has made a wise choice of both subjects and 
tests; and has followed rigorous standards of procedure in 
measurement and in statistical evaluation of data. We may 
then, in a final chapter, turn to the practical problems of 
installation and maintenance of these improved methods of 
vocational selection.