MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES 
over which the comparison is made. However, the following sug- 
gestions are worthy of note: 
1. When relative numbers are under consideration, the volume 
of migration should be compared with the change in the number 
employed. 
2. The number of incoming immigrants is sufficiently large, 
even in depression periods, to suggest that, even though there may 
be extensive emigration in the same period, the adjustment of the 
recent immigrant to industry is an ever-present and serious problem. 
3. The cumulative volume of net immigration is seldom equal 
in numbers to the concurrent change in employment when periods 
as short as three months are considered, but in some instances is 
contrary in direction,—that is, an increase in unemployment is 
accompanied by an excess of immigrants over emigrants (Chart 
22, Fig. A). 
4. When cumulated over long periods, as for twelve months 
(Chart 20) or during the duration of a depression (Charts 21 and 22, 
Fig. B), it was found that only in the severe depression of 1908, and 
then for a brief time only, was there an excess of departures; and 
that in many parts of such periods there was a substantial excess 
of arriving over departing aliens, with a probable aggravation of 
the unemployment situation. The burden of such unemployment 
probably falls in part on the newly-arrived immigrants and in part 
on resident workers who are replaced by immigrants willing to work 
for lower wages. 
122