144 MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES 
TABLE 38.—NUMBER OF EMIGRANTS AND NONEMIGRANTS, BY SEX, 
1908-1924s 
Thousands of persons 
YEAR EMIGRANTS NON-EMIGRANTS 
ENDING ~d = = —r ——]——— 
June 30TH ToTAL Mare | Fremare | ToraL | Mare . | FEMALE 
1908 395 343 52 320 266 54 
1909 226 183» 43 E175 129, 45 
1910 202 | 1550 (EES [E178 125. 53 
1911 296 2308 [R57 [E223 161 61 
1912 333 276 57 2520 WN 1205 77 
1913 308 252 56 | 304 226 73 
1914 I 303 242 61 AN "3300 JN 1241 89 
1915 | 204 168 36 180 134 46 
1916 | 130 | 107 230 B11] 74 37 
1917 66 48 18 sof BB 5 23 
1918 I. 95 71 23 oof IX §s2 17 
1919 124 101 25 93 71 22 
1920 288 238 51 140 97 43 
1921 248 189 59 7s’. 125 5 
1922 199 143 55 147 97 449 
1923 81 55 27 119 74 4.) 
1924 77 57 19 140 93 47 
sFrom the annual reports of the U. S. Commissioner General of Immigration and the Statistical Ab- 
stract of the United States. IE . : 
bEstimated on the assumption that the sex distribution of about 30,000 emigrants via the Canadian 
border, for whom sex is not known, is the same as that among the 196,000 emigrants for whom sex is known. 
RELATIVE CYCLICAL FLUCTUATIONS IN MALE AND 
FEMALE MIGRATION 
Immigration by Sex. 
In periods of industrial boom the proportion of males among the 
immigrants is high; in periods of depression it is low. This is as 
would be expected, for in a smaller proportion of cases is employment 
the immediate objective of female immigration and hence the time 
of this immigration is less dependent upon the current condition 
of industry than is the immigration of males. This greater suscep- 
tibility of male immigration to the state of employment is indicated 
in Chart 3, which appears in Chapter II, page 38. Upon examin- 
ation of this chart, it will be noted that in 1885, 1894-1895, 1904, 
1908, and 1922 (fiscal years), all of which were in depression periods, 
the proportion of males to females was appreciably smaller than in 
the preceding and following years. 
This tendency may also be illustrated by the accompanying 
t 
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