: MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES 
the proportion of total immigration rises throughout the period 
under consideration. The movement from each country exhibits 
some sharp deviations from its general trend which challenge at- 
tention and which will be given more consideration when discussing 
the several countries separately. The immigration from Italy is 
particularly erratic, but there are many other peculiar movements, 
the explanation of which should be helpful in ascertaining the causes 
of changes in migration. 
The “Old’’ and the “New” Immigration. 
In comparing the fluctuations in the immigration from selected 
countries, we have found, on the whole, a general family resemblance 
in the curves for the countries of northern and western Europe, or 
the sources of the so-called “old” immigration, and also, a general 
similarity among the curves for the countries of southern and eastern 
Europe, or the sources of the so-called “new” immigration. Let us 
note the similarities and differences in the cyclical fluctuations of 
these two groups, as represented in Chart 36. 
CHART 36 
RELATIVE VIOLENCE OF CycLiCAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE ‘‘OLp” 
AND ‘NEW’ IMMIGRATION: 1870-1914. 
Percentage deviations from seven-year momng averages 
+87 — GIA 
i Tr Tat 
{+40 / \ oy A oo 
<. \ hrs Wr | | 
$ 0 r \ 
= NJ \ ¥ V7 
i YY 7 \ “4 
{ N 
¢ \ ¥ J 
NY -40 \ 
& 
go 1870-1879 | 78501889 | 18907899 | [900-909 191074 | 
Yeawr Ending June 30 
sNumerical data in Table 46. 
The immigration from the “old” sources and that from the “new” 
sources show substantially the same sequence of cyclical fluctuations 
in their annual totals from the seventies to the opening of the Great 
162 
| NECN