MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES
in the upturn in 1909 for employment in the United Kingdom to
lag after the corresponding change in immigration, the two move-
ments agree fairly well in the recovery period. Except for a decline
in one quarter of 1912, due largely to a coal strike, the employment
TABLE 49.—QUARTERLY CYCLES IN EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS IN THE UNITED
KINGDOM AND IN IMMIGRATION THEREFROM TO THE UNITED STATES:
1887-1914
Corrected for seasonal variation. Unit = one standard deviation.
[IMMIGRATION FROM THE UNITED KiNG- EMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED KING-
YEAR DOM TO THE UNITED STATES® DOMb
IstTQ | 20Q | 3pQ | 4THQ - 1sTQ | 2p Q 3p Q | 41H Q
1887 | +1.98 +7 25 (+1.09| 1.01; —1.88 1.9501 —1.84 —1.52
1888 +1.68 +1.71 40.790 -+-0.328 —0. 960% —0. 410. 0.020 1-0. 52
1889 | 40.50 + 40.43 | —0.37 | —0.69 | +0.94 +1.16 + +1.14 +1.42
1890 —0.536 —0.37 \ —0.51 | —0.57 | +1.48 41.15 +1.00 0.96
1891 +0.21 ' +0.10 —0.11 —0.27 | +0.83 40.65 +0.20 0.25
1892 +0.44 40.46 —0.15 —0.31 | —0.36 —0.75 —0.51 —1.77
1893 +1.99 -+0.82 40.56 —1.39 | —2.16 —1.17 —1.21 —1.26
1894 | —1.41 —1.41 —0.12 40.61 | —0.86 —1.14 —1.58 —1.21
1895 | +0.40 +1.06 +1.83 40.53 | —1.28 —1.03 —0.36 +0.04
1896 —1.05 —0.34 —1.20 —1.96 { +0.37 40.46 40.52 +0.74
1897 —1.66 —0.83 —i1.43 —1.30 | +0.84 -+0.85 +0.44 —0.09
1898 —0.85 —1.07 - o +0.39 40.84 40.98 +1.14
1899 —0.76 40.72 —0.38 —0.47 +1.14 41.21 +1.21 +1.27
1900 +0.55 40.56 —0.81 —0.75 | +1.15 +1.12 40.91 +0.96
1901 —1.05 —0.82 —1.50 —1.47 | +0.65 +0.52 40.62 40.55
1902 —1.51 —1.30 —1.25 —0.82 | +0.47 ++0.31 440.20 +0.05
1903 © +0.10 40.12 -+0.67 +0.93 i+ +0.17 40.23 —0.22 —0.49
1904 +0.75 —0.55 +2.08 +3.82 1 —0.46 —0.80 —0.77 —0.87
1905 | 40.79 40.31 +0.37 —0.17 B00. 460 —0. 4308 —0 2108 -0.12
1906 c c +0.53 40.08 | +0.37 40.49 +0.57 40.29
1907 +0.71 + 4+0.96 -+1.06 +0.72 | +0.55 +0.60 +40.39 —0.01
1908 ' —0.89 —1.66 —1.73 —1.43 ! —0.64 —1.80 —2.06 —2.01
1909 —0.82 —0.45' —0.32 -+0.14 —1.72 —2.08 —1.64 —0.92
1910 +0.11 40.96 +077 40.67 —0.53 40.01 40.18 40.04
1911 | +0.85 40.45 —0.08 —0.12 40.61 40.71 40.68 40.88
1912 ! —6.48 —0.33 —0 07 0.12 ' —0.54 +0.62 41.03 +1.25
1913 +06.08 40.17 +uv.06 0.42 +1.24 +1.22 +1.16 -+1.14
1914 —1 20 (LE 4-1 U2 4-0). D7. Se
sDeviati . : ly and hly d iven i
re
Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance, for July, 1888, to December, 1905; and the publications of the
U. S. Bureau of Immigration for the remainder of the period. ,
bDeviations from mean for the period, computed from percentages of trade union members unem-
ployed (signs reversed), Great Britain Commercial, Labour and Statistical Department, Abstract of Labor
Statistics, 1887-1912; Trade Board, Labor Gazette, 1912 to 1914.
“Data incomplete.
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