INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 205 
conclusion that cyclical fluctuations in migratory currents to the 
United States are determined largely by conditions in this country; 
for if conditions in Italy were the dominant factor, we should 
expect the ratio of total emigration going to the United States to 
show less sensitiveness to economic conditions in the United States. 
OTHER COUNTRIES OF EMIGRATION 
For the remaining sources of emigration to the United States, we 
have not attempted to make statistical comparisons of the kind 
made for the United Kingdom, Germany, and Italy; but for some 
of them we have endeavored to trace the effect of exceptionally 
good or exceptionally poor business or crop conditions upon the 
concurrent or immediately subsequent volume of emigration. Also, 
when substantial changes appear in the proportion of total immigra- 
tion made up by immigrants from the stated country, we have 
sought to ascertain whether special conditions existed in the coun- 
try of emigration to which the change might reasonably be at- 
tributed. This survey is intended to be suggestive rather than 
exhaustive. The data concerning immigration which are utilized 
in these comparisons appear largely in Tables 44 and 45 and the 
accompanying charts (32, 33, 34, 35) in the early part of this 
chapter; and the statements concerning conditions in the selected 
countries are based chiefly upon Professor Wesley C. Mitchell's 
treatise on Business Cycles, and upon the recently published ‘‘Busi- 
ness Annals” prepared by Dr. Willard L. Thorp, of the Staff of the 
National Bureau of Economic Research. 
Sweden. 
Immigration to the United States from Sweden reached its max- 
imum with a total of almost sixty-five thousand in the year ending 
June 30, 1882, but since 1893 the annual inflow of immigrants from 
that country has exceeded thirty thousand only in the two years 
ending June 30, 1902, and 1903, respectively. The waves of the 
cyclical movement in Swedish emigration to the United States 
since 1870 have coincided substantially with the alternations of 
prosperity and depression in the United States, that is, with a 
slump following 1873, another in the middle eighties, a minor de- 
cline in the years ending June 30, 1889 and 1890, a marked decline 
in the nineties beginning with the depression of 1893-1894, and 
further slumps in the years ending June 30, 1904, 1908, and 1912.