MIGRATION AND BUSINESS CYCLES 
In most of the years since the Civil War, males have constituted 
from sixty to seventy per cent of the total immigration. Further- 
more, while many foreign-born women are engaged in gainful oc- 
cupations in this country, the percentage of foreign-born males so 
employed is much higher; hence the bulk of the recent immigrants 
CHART 3 
THE PREPONDERANCE OF MALES IN IMMIGRATION 
The cross-hatched portion represents the per cent of total im- 
migration wh'ch males constituted in each year: 1820-1924. 
100 — ES 
5! f 
A - J a 
2 Br. yy, 4 
fond 
LES 
25. 
Ops c ddim lt _ . 
[620-29 30°35 [20-4 | 1850-59 1860°69 | 1870*79 |1880°691890-991900-09[19/0-19 |1920- 
Years Ending June 30 
=Numerical data in Table 2. 
who enter industry are doubtless male immigrants, particularly in 
certain industries. In 1920, 89.3 per cent of foreign-born males, 
but only 18.4 per cent of foreign-born females, were gainfully em- 
ployed. Few women engage in mining, in construction, or in railway 
maintenance. Of the 733,936 persons listed in the 1920 Census of 
Occupations as coal mine operatives, only 1,495 were females; of 
1820-1910, p. 6; for the years 1869-1910, upon computations in the same publication 
based upon the recorded immigrant arrivals classified by sex; and for subsequent years, 
directly upon data published by the U. S. Bureau of Immigration. 
38