LENIN ON ORGANIZATION 
ocracy in the Party, the unconditional election of 
local committees and strongly opposed “appoint- 
ment” (the cooption of committeemen). They 
howled about the autocracy and bureaucracy of the 
Bolsheviks, about “blind submission” and ridiculed 
Party discipline. Lenin had already exposed the op- 
portunism of the Mensheviks on these questions in 
1904, in his pamphlet “One Step Forward, Two 
Backward” and showed how closely their views 
were related to the views on these questions of the 
opportunistic wing of the Social Democracy in all 
countries (the reformists). 
Thus, at the Second Congress, the Mensheviks, 
on the question of organization, proved to be the 
opportunists in the ranks of the Social Democracy. 
By uniting with the ex-economists, soon after the 
Second Congress, they became finally submerged 
in the quagmire of opportunism. 
Lenin’s pamphlet “One Step Forward, Two Back- 
wards”, (written in 1904) gives an analysis of the 
decisions of the Second Congress, and of the con- 
duct of the Mensheviks after the Congress. Sev- 
eral chapters of this pamphlet are included in the 
present work describing the fundamental differ- 
ences between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks 
on the question of organization. 
The Organization of Factory Nuclei. 
All the time Lenin did not for a moment lose sight 
of the fundamental idea expressed by him in 1902 
in his “Letter to a Comrade,” viz., that only by main- 
taining the closest contact with the masses of the 
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