LENIN ON ORGANIZATION 
workers will the Party be able to lead them into 
the battle at the necessary moment. Already In 
1902 he recommended that “factory circles” be 
formed in the various enterprises, which later on 
became the factory nuclei. “Every factory must 
be our fortress”’—he wrote, and returned again and 
again to this question. 
However, it was not possible at one stroke to 
make the factory nuclei the basis of the Party or- 
ganization even in the Bolshevik Party. In 1907, in 
an article entitled “The Petersburg Split” Lenin 
wrote as follows concerning the then existing 
Petersburg organization: 
“We see that in St. Petersburg (and probably in 
a majority of towns in Russia), district, sub-district, 
and subordinate nuclei are formed not only on ter- 
ritorial (local) lines, but also on industrial and on 
national lines. For example, in St. Petersburg 
there is a railway district; it is organized on the in- 
dustrial basis. Also there are Lettish and Esthonian 
district and military organizations.” 
Thus we had various forms of subordinate Party 
organization which were preserved right up to 
1917. This shows how difficult it is to overcome 
old organizational forms. It was decided to liqui- 
date the special Party organizations of the railway- 
men, postal workers, and the military only at the 
Eighth Congress of the Russian Communist Party 
(March 1919). It must be admitted that these or- 
ganizations, in their time, played an extremely im- 
portant role in the effort to spread the influence of 
15