LENIN ON ORGANIZATION 
situation and against capitalism on the basis of the most 
urgent day-to-day interests, and to use the strikes as a 
means of conducting the fight”; it renounced the political 
struggle and a centralized political Party and placed 
exclusive emphasis on the elemental and spontaneous 
factor in the working class movement. The “Iskra” (The 
Spark), headed by Lenin, which advocated and defended 
the full and uncurtailed aims and tactics of revolutionary 
Social Democracy, carried on a bitter struggle against 
the “Rabochaya Mysl” and the “Rabochie Delo.” 
(p. 13), Zubatov, Chief of the Moscow Section of the 
Okhrana (the political police) endeavored to direct the 
growing proletarian movement along lines acceptable to 
Czarism. In Moscow in 1902 was formed under his aus- 
pices “The Workers’ Mutual Aid Society of the Mechan- 
ical Trades.” This society was conducted by workers 
who were at the same time agents of the Okhrana. In 
order to gain the sympathy of the workers the society 
even went to the extent of organizing certain strikes, 
thereby consciously assisting in deepening the class 
hatred of the workers against the bourgeoisie. Czerov 
and Worms were two professors of the University of 
Moscow who supported the tactics of Zubatov. The 
Zubatovists however met with no great success; the 
workers very soon discovered their true character and 
avoided them. 
5 (p. 14), Struvism is associated with the name of Peter 
Struve who in the ‘nineties was a “Legal Marxist” and 
took part in the First Congress of the Russian Social 
Democratic Labor Party in 1898. At the beginning of the 
twentieth century he became a leader of the liberal bour- 
geoisie and ended as a rabid counter-revolutionary and 
monarchist. 
i (Dp. 18), “Svoboda” (Freedom) was the organ of the rather 
muddle-headed writer Nadezhin (Selelnski) published be- 
tween 1901 and 1903. It has left no particular trace in 
the history of the Russian Social Democratic movement. 
299