INTRODUCTION. 
not of right yet by special permission: of the Crown, from 
such Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. 
Subsequent years saw further results of activity on the part 
of the Canadian legislature in the establishment of a uniform 
slection law throughout the Dominion (1885) and in the 
revision and consolidation of all the statutes passed since 
1867. a work not yet fully completed. 
In surveying a Constitution it seems desirable for many 
reasons to work upwards rather than downwards, that is to 
say, to begin with the local institutions and end with the 
sentral government. In the case of Canada this method is 
specially appropriate, as the legislative powers of the Dominion 
cannot be understood without reference to the powers of 
the Provinces. It also seems desirable before referring to 
the executive which administers laws or the judicature 
which enforces laws to deal with the legislature which enacts 
laws. In this work the Province comes under consideration 
before the Dominion and the legislature before the execu- 
tive. 
General The general scheme of the Canadian Constitution may 
scheme of 10 described as follows. The Legislative power, subject al- 
ton. ways to the supremacy of the Imperial Parliament, is divided 
between a central legislature and the provincial legislatures. 
The Executive power in theory is lodged in the Queen, but 
in practice it is exercised by three executive bodies, viz. 
the Lieutenant-Governor with his Provincial Council, the 
Governor-General with his Privy Council, and the Queen 
with the English Ministry. The sphere of executive power 
in each case corresponds with the sphere of legislative 
power ; the supremacy of the Crown preventing or deter- 
mining any executive conflict between the Dominion and a 
province. Each province establishes its own courts of judica- 
ture, but a Supreme Court, constituted by the Dominion, 
acts as a Court of Appeal, from which a further appeal may,