PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS ; 
They may be placed within a statement as in the example 
given above, or they may be placed after a question. The 
incorrect answers should be chosen for their likelihood of 
confusion with the correct one. The position of the true 
answer among the alternatives should be determined by 
chance. 
In the analogies test, which may take the form of a mul- 
tiple choice test, each item consists of two sets of terms 
analogously related to each other and expressed in the form 
of a proportion. In the earlier forms of this test the fourth 
term of the proportion is omitted and is to be supplied, as 
in a completion test. Thus: 
Grass is to green as sky is to __ at 
0". 
Grass : Green :: Sly ; ——— 
The same considerations which have led to the wide use 
of the multiple choice response in other forms of informa- 
tion and controlled association tests have resulted in making 
it the preferred form for analogies test items also. In the 
following example the instructions are to underline the one 
of the four last terms which bears the same relation or 
analogy to the third as the second does to the first. The 
correct answer is indicated: 
asset—liability; creditor—invoice, banker, debtor, bonus 
Another form supplies five alternative terms, two of which 
are correct and must be checked. For convenience in scor- 
ing, the possible answers may be numbered, the instructions 
being to write the correct number in the space provided far 
the answer at the edge of the page, thus: 
Hammer is to trip-kammer as gimlet is to (1) lathe, 
(2) drill-press, (3) milling machine, (4) template. . . . .. (2) 
Free and controlled association tests may be used in a 
great variety of ways in vocational testing (225). Whipple 
gives a full account of their use, and interpretations of the 
functions which they measure (220). They may be used in 
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