SPINNING-JENNIES FOR WOOL 653 
being able to rely on getting the work done in a given time, A.D. 7776 
were afforded by the new method, and it was welcomed by ’ 
the employers’. 
253. The transition, from the old-fashioned spinning by Hand- 
. . . . . . 17.2 
hand in cottages to the power spinning in factories, 18 much fol in 
more difficult to trace in the woollen than in the cotton manu- *** 
facture. In the cotton trade Arkwright’s system of roller 
spinning by power, followed hard on Hargreave’s introduction 
of the spinning-jenny which went by hand, but the use of the 
wheel was maintained generally for the woollen trade? long 
after the practical success of the jennies had been demonstrated 
in the cotton trade. The subsequent mechanical progress was 
also more gradual, as the jenny when adapted to the spinning 
of woollen yarn continued to hold its own throughout the 
eighteenth century. The invention was taken up, especially ahige y 
in the Yorkshire district, by the domestic weavers®. It seems domestic 
. weavy 
to have been a regular thing for weavers to have one or two " 
jennies in their cottages, and to have employed their families 
or hired help to do the work’. The Yorkshiremen seem to 
have been more ready than the West of England clothiers to 
adopt such improvements’, as they were in regard to the 
will inform against Embezzlement. * * That there is one Brand of Morals which 
he conceives would be materially benefited by the Employment of Weavers under 
the Eye of the Master, namely Honesty; and he speaks from Experience, that 
those Parishes most remote from the Inspection and Superintendence of a Head 
are the most vicious and that Embezzlements and all the Evils of Night Work 
and Immorality connected with it prevail in such Places to an enormous Extent.” 
See Reports, Misc. 1802-3 (Report from Committee on Woollen Clothiers’ Petition), 
v.257. Also for unfair advantages taken by workmen when prepaid, Considerations 
on Taxes as they affect Price of Labour (1765), p. 17. 1 Bischoff, 1. 316. 
8 The new inventions appear to have been very slowly diffused in the old 
centres of manufacture. Before 1789 the mule had been generally introduced in 
Lancashire, and the hand jennies in Yorkshire, but pains were still being directed 
to improve spinning as carried on by the most primitive process in Norfolk. The 
Society of Arts was interested in the experiments in fine spinning of wool made 
by Miss Aon Ives, and awarded her a silver medal for her success. “ A sample of 
the fine Spinning, together with a Spindle and Whirl sent by Miss Ives, and 
a piece of a Shawl from Mr Harvey of Norwich are reserved in the Society's 
Repository.” Tramsactions of the Society of Arts, va. 150. 
5 The jenny appears to have come in about 1785, just when it wes being 
ousted from the cotton trade by the mule. Report, 1806, mr. printed pag. 30 
Coope), also 73 (Cookson). 
4+ W. Child, a journeyman, had two looms and a spinning-jenny in his own 
nouse. Reports, 1806, mm. printed pag. 103. 
§ This was specially noticeable in regard to spinning-jennies and seribbling and 
carding machines, and gave Yorkshiremen an advantage over Wiltshire. Anstie, 
Observations. 17. They held out longer against the shearing frame, which was