308 ECONOMIC ESSAYS IN HONOR OF JOHN BATES CLARK 
is still extant in the library of the college. We have seen above 
(p. 300) that political economy was a part of the curriculum in 
1815. Furthermore, the statutes of 1817 include in the curriculum 
“Politics and Political Oeconomy,” and refer to the Wealth of 
Nations as a text. Smith was succeeded in 1827 by Thomas R. 
Dew, who was appointed professor of political law and retained 
the chair until 1846. It is therefore beyond question that 
economics was taught continuously at William and Mary during 
the entire first half of the century, although, until 1826 at least, 
only as a subject in a more comprehensive course of moral 
philosophy and natural law. : 
If we return to the North, we find that in the year before Dr. 
Cooper actually began his instruction, the subject was taught at 
Bowdoin College. As President Sills of Bowdoin was good 
enough to write us, as the result of an investigation made by the 
librarian, Samuel Philip Newman, a graduate of Harvard of the 
class of 1816, was made Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory at 
Bowdoin College in 1824, and there was included in his depart- 
ment “the rising science of political economy.” He was, accord- 
ingly, also made Lecturer on Civil Polity and Political Economy. 
This is the first appearance of the term in any college course 
in New England. Moreover, this juxtaposition of titles seems to 
indicate that Civil Polity, as then understood, was something 
different from Political Economy. If this is true, it strengthens 
sur conclusion that the Alford professor at Harvard mentioned 
above, included political economy under the head of moral 
philosophy rather than of civil polity. Newman gave one lec- 
ture every fortnight on the subject from 1824 to 1827. From 
1827 on, it became a regular senior study and an hour was 
assigned to it daily. The substance of Newman's lectures was 
published in 1835 under the title of The Elements of Political 
Economy, in which he describes himself as “Lecturer in Political 
Economy.” Newman left Bowdoin in 1839; and while the title 
of his chair was carried in the catalogue for some years, it seems 
that no instruction was thereafter given in the subject. It was 
not until the seventies that it was reintroduced as a part of the 
instruction in History and Civics; and it was not until much 
11. G. Tyler, “The College of William and Mary: Its History and its 
ork ” Bulletin of the College of William and Mary, x, no. 4, 1917, p. 8.