STATIC STATE AND THE TECHNOLOGY OF ECONOMIC REFORM 43 
reasons. A principal and altogether sufficient reason is that it 
is easier to save out of large than out of small incomes. A country 
which lacks adequate capital, that is, adequate equipment in the 
form of engines, machines, rails, rolling stock and other aids to 
production, must necessarily have a small per capita income. 
Out of this small per capita income it would be difficult to save 
enough to pay for the building and making of the new equipment. 
By borrowing the equipment, or the means of purchasing it, the 
labor of the country can be promptly equipped with all the aids 
to production and this will at once increase the national per 
capita income. Out of this increased income it will be easier to 
save enough to pay off the debt than it would have been to save 
enough out of the previously smaller income to buy the equip- 
ment without going into debt. Even the Soviet Government 
seemed to recognize this principle when it attempted to borrow 
capital from the outside. 
If any doubt exists as to the correlation between the amount 
of capital equipment per worker and the product per worker, 
and between both of these and the wages per worker, the follow- 
ing tables should keep to dissipate that doubt, thought they add 
little to what is already known to every theoretical mind. 
ProDUCTIVITY PER ACRE AND PER PERSON ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE IN 
Various COUNTRIES 
Ratio of 
Index production 
figure of per man, 
production United 
per person States 
engaged in to countries 
aoriculture. indicated. 
Acres per Index 
person figure of 
engaged in productivity 
agriculture. per acre. 
Country 
United Kingdom . . 
France .. 
Germany 
Hungary 
Belgium 
Italy... 
United State 
Year 
1 
7 
Yt 
9) 
[0 
7 
5 
202 
oS 
32 
25 
36 
25 
6.5 
7 
el 
al.b 
(From U. is. 
Department of Agriculture, Yearbook for 1918, Table 290.) 
COMPARISON OF TWENTY-SIX INDUSTRIES IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE 
Unitep KiNgpoM 
United States—1909 United Kingdom—1907 
No. of workers .. 1,983,000 1,700,000 
Horse power used ....... 4,779,000 2,009,000 
Horse power per 1000 workers.... 2,400 1,200 
Gross output per worker per year.... 8,735 $3,100 
Net output per worker per week....... $79 $11 
(From J. Ellis Barker's Economic Statesmanship, pp. 519, 524.)