MINERAL PRODUCTS. 
25 
the English Government placed a high export duty on Malayan tin 
ores not going to some part of the British Empire. Such a thing 
could not happen in Bolivia, and the smelting of Bolivian and other 
ores in this country would to some extent, at any rate, relieve Ameri 
can consumers from the speculative profits of the London market. 
COPPER. 
With the possible exception of the silver industry, the copper in 
dustry will probably feel the injurious effects of the European war 
more seriously than any other of the leading American metal indus 
tries. During the last five years approximately 50 per cent of the 
copper turned out by American refineries has been exported almost 
entirely to the countries now involved in the European war. Some 
of this copper has been imported for metallurgical treatment, and 
the imports will probably be somewhat restricted on account of 
shipping conditions. 
During these five years, however, domestic consumers have taken 
only about G3 to G7 per cent of the copper produced from mines 
within the United States, so it is evident that there must be a ma 
terial curtailment of production while present conditions prevail. 
Considerable copper is of course consumed in munitions of war and 
for other military purposes, but the constructive arts of peace are 
far more favorable for the copper industry than the destructive art 
of war. 
American producers have already greatly curtailed their produc 
tion, and it seems almost certain that the output must be materially 
restricted for an indefinite period, the length of which will depend 
largely on the European conditions. 
Out of the total copper exports in 1913, valued at $143,000,000, 
over $126,000,000 represented metal in pigs, ingots, and bars, and 
nearly all the remainder was exported in plates, sheets, rods, and 
wire. All these exports went to European countries with the 
exception of about $7,000,000 worth, which was sent mainly to 
Canada. Both the imports and the exports of articles manufactured 
of copper and brass were comparatively small. The exports of ar 
ticles made from brass amounted to only about $5,600,000, an almost 
negligible quantity compared with the domestic consumption. The 
value of the European exports of articles manufactured from copper 
and brass was undoubtedly many times that of the exports from the 
United States. A very small percentage of the European exports 
came to the United States, so that the war will have little effect on 
domestic trade. 
The opportunity for the American manufacturer lies in entering 
the foreign markets that were largely supplied by European exports 
of manufactured goods. The capacity of the domestic manufactur-