NIGHT WORK IN INDUSTRY 
TaBLE 9: ProbuctiviTy oF NicuT FORCES 
Greater Quality and 
Quantity of Output 
it Night than During 
Dav 
Equal Quality and 
Quantity During 
Night and Dav 
Poorer Quality and 
Smaller Quantity of 
Output at Night than 
During Day 
Shift Used 
Number 
+ Plants 
Per Cent 
"umber 
of Plunge 
Per Cent 
Number 
of Plants 
Per Cent 
28 
51 
78 
_ 4 
In six of these plants the output was less on the second of the two night shifts, 
ut equal on the first shift. 
2In three of these plants the output was less on the second of the two night 
shifts. but equal on the first shift. 
Regular rotating....... 
Regular fixed......... 
Temporary fixed... . 
It is generally believed that in machine-speeded operations 
there is no variation in output except as the quality is in- 
fluenced by illumination and other factors. The common 
practice in most plants is to perform the difficult tasks during 
the day and so far as possible have experienced day crews 
take care of job set-ups. 
The following were found to affect adversely the quantity 
and quality of production by night forces: 
|. Difficulty in providing supervision and inspection equal 
to the standard of day forces. 
2. The generally inferior quality of workers available for 
night work on fixed programs. 
3. The absence of full production pressure found in a com- 
plete day force. 
4. The longer hours of work. 
5. The mental attitude of night employees who believe less 
work is expected at night, combined with the tendency 
to ease up in the late hours of the shift. 
The disadvantage of work under artificial light, espe- 
cially where precision is required: inadequate or im- 
proper lighting. 
7. Gréater proportion of scrap, more breakage and break- 
downs. 
8. Reduced output as a result of climatic influences on the 
ability to secure rest. 
The shorter meal period used by some concerns giving 
less time for rest.