206 
BANKING STANDARDS 
TABLE 160 
COMPARATIVE MEASURES OF REGRESSION TO TYPE FOR RATIOS OF TOTAL 
EXPENSE TO EARNING Assers, MEMBER BANKS, BosTON 
FEDERAL RESERVE DISTRICT, 1922-1925 
(Percentage Differences from three different averages.) 
DIFFERENCES: ALL PAIRS OF YEARS 
PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCES: 
(First Year of the 
Pair of Years) 
Position Groups 
Average 
40 and over \ 
30 and under 4o0 
20 and under 30 
to and under 20 
Sere i aap wom 
Below 
Under 10 
10 and under 20 
20 and under 30 
30 and under 40 
10 and over 
Average 
Yearly Averages Yearly Averages 1 Yearly Averages 
of All Banks of City-Groups of Volume-Groups 
I 
Number 
Second Second 
years years 
less than | Number less than 
First First 
vears® years® 
| Number 
Second 
years 
less than 
First 
years® 
iwi 
ANE 
“nb 
— ag 
ud $ 
-n.1 
.- a 
32 
YI1o 
—1r.§ 
-n 2 
3 
-.b 
jr 
i 
26 
‘x 
179 
—11.0 
— 4.6 
— 5.4 
- 3.2 
_— TT 
de 
+ 
. 
2 
pa 
+ 1.5 
+ 2.8 
+ 4.4 
+ 5.3 
+ 6.7 
41.7 
1. 
< 
yy 
6o¢ 
620 
+ 2.3 
641 
*The signs relate to the prevailing changes in the ratios themselves compared with the averages in the 
frst and the second years, minus (—) indicating that the ratios decrease, and plus (+) that they increase, 
the combined pairs of years, but also for each pair of years 
when the deviations are taken from the respective yearly averages 
for all banks. When they are taken from the averages for the 
respective city groups, it holds for the combined first and second 
pairs of years for each city group, and when taken from the aver- 
ages for the respective volume groups, it holds for the combined 
first and second pairs of years for each volume group. 
But is uniformity of results in any way related to the use 
of averages as points of departure in computing deviations? To 
answer this question we shall dispense with the averages, so 
far as the calculation of differences from type is concerned, and 
search for tendencies of regression. The method employed is 
simple. the steps in carrying it out being as follows: 
(1) Distribute the ratios for the individual banks in frequency 
groups for a given year, say 1922. (2) Add the ratios in each 
group, and divide by the number of ratios, thus securing an 
4 See Table 168.