BuLierin No. 20 
2. 
—===Deticit (Negative ratios) 
— Surplus ( Positive rotios) 
Averaqe 
(Mode) 
O52 
Average 
(Mode) 
£77 
T- 
requ of usi-esx [Tesearch 
University 4 Hitnols 
Average 
Mods 
£049 
$ 
3 
ny 10 
™N 
2 
ii 
ery. FH FE EEE IEEE TT tT FEI 
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Gas & Electric Traction Holding 
Ratios Lo xpressedl as Fercentages 
CHART 40—FREQUENCY DisTRIBUTIONS OF THE SURPLUS-AND-RESERVES-TO-TOTAL- 
Eourmes Ratios oF Pustic UtrLity COMPANIES BY TYPE OF COMPANY 
As compared to one another, the companies in the 5-9 millions 
group and those in the 10-49 millions group have similar typical ratios, 
and the percentages of cases are likewise similar, but for those com- 
panies with 50 millions of assets and over, the typical case has a sur- 
plus and reserve item equal to 8 per cent of its total equities which is 
considerably higher than the smaller companies. The differences in 
their degrees of concentration are not very large. A still greater dif- 
ference exists between the two small groups of companies on one hand 
and the large companies on the other as shown below : 
Companies with Companies with Companies with 
Total Equities Total Equities Total Equities 
of 5-9 of 10-49 of 50 mallions 
Percentage of cases with neg- millions millions and over 
ative ratios (0—.209) . 5.6% 6.39, nN 
In the two smaller groups of companies, 5.6 per cent and 6.3 per 
cent of the cases had a deficit instead of a surplus, while no cases of a 
deficit are recorded for the companies with over 50 millions of total 
equities. In every respect, the large companies appear to be in better 
condition so far as this is reflected in the size of the item surplus and 
reserves.