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WHOLE TIMBER CARGOLS 
I.47 
for the purpose, a conveyor may be used to transport the 
pieces to the stacking ground, where men can be stationed 
at successive points to remove the different scantlings and 
marks as they reach them. The necessity for the exercise 
of intelligent discrimination renders it inevitable to employ 
human agency for the operation, and where distances are 
short, gangs of men, carrying pieces on their shoulders to 
their respective piles, is the method chiefly adopted ; very 
often it is the only way of dealing with the problem. 
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CRANES 
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Where timber has to be discharged direct into railway 
wagon on the quay alongside the ship, this can readily be 
done by the agency of quay cranes. or by means of the ship’s 
own gear. 
The use of quay cranes for the general discharge of Baltic 
timber is convenient, especially if cranes of a light type (30 
Cwts. to 2 tons) are used, capable of travelling with their loads 
to the storage ground. This is the case at the Portishead 
Dock, Bristol, where the practice is to land ex ship on to the 
quay in an unassorted mass, and then to detail men to sort 
to sizes and qualities lots which the travelling steam cranes 
can pick up and deliver, or convey to the piling ground. 
The crane tracks are laid at right angles to the quay front, 
and communicate by means of curves with longitudinal 
lines commanding the area of the stacking ground. 
In the case where timber cargoes are deposited provision- 
ally wholesale upon the quay in the immediate vicinity of a 
ship, care should be taken to sce that the intensity of loading 
is not excessive. Instances have occurred where settlement 
has taken place in quays or wharves, by reason of over- 
loading. The pressure is often aggravated in consequence 
of the tendency to pile the timber outwards over the quay 
edge, increasing in successive layers until there is often a 
considerable overhang. The intensity of pressure on the 
quay, or wharf, is evidenced by fig. 123, which shows a 
single ship’s cargo deposited prior to sorting. 
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