488 COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY
Turkey, Asiatic, 384, 385; European,
382; metric system in, 257; pos
sessions in Africa, 414
Turnpikes (1800-1850), 230, 231
Turpentine, 141, 142
Two Harbors, iron port, 63
Typhoid fever, 185-186
Tyre, 441, 443
Tyrol, 37x
Uncompahgre (irrigation) project, 197
Union of South Africa, 418, 420
Union Pacific Railway, 232
United Kingdom, 303-320; African
possessions, 413; basis of great
ness, 303, 304; Birmingham (iron)
74. 305; British Empire, 319-320
canals, 312; coal fields, 87-89; com-
merce, 317-319; cotton industry,
33s 34, 306, 307, 308, 309; English
agriculture, 305, 306; exports, 282
fisheries, 310; foreign trade, 281;
forests, 306; free-trade nation, 268 ;
Glasgow, 75; grants to steamship
lines, 264; imports, 283; industrial
England, 305; Ireland, 316, 317;
iron, 73-75; metropolitan England,
304; Middlesbrough, 75; mineral
industry, 309, 310; Newcastle, 73,
305, 311; ocean cables belonging
to, 252, 253; railways, 312; Scot-
land, 314-316; seaports, 311,312;
Sheffield (steel), 74; trade with
United States, 281; Wales, 310;
wheat, 16; woolen industry, 308, 309
United States, Appalachian region,
112-114; Atlantic region, 113;
Cordilleran highlands, 117, 118;
Great Lakes region, 116, 117; Gulf
region, 116; latitude, 111; Mis-
sissippi basin, 114-116; Pacific
coast region, 118; physical fea-
tures, 111; plant products, 120-144;
position, 111, 113
Unity of nations promoted by com-
merce, 447, 448
Uruguay, 430
Utah, asphaltite, 165; coal, 84; phos-
phates, 167; salt, 165; silver, 176;
sugar beets, 132
Utica, ancient, 441
Utica. New York, knit goods in, 208
Valencia, 364
Valladolid, 264
Valparaiso, 429, 431, 435
Vancouver, 297, 298; cables from,
253, 407
Vancouver Island, coal in, 292
Vanderbilt lines, 232
Vegetables, 128; preservation, 130;
transportation, 130, 131
Venezuela, 432, 433
Venice, 361; commercial history, 443,
444; shipping in harbor, 442
Vera Cruz, 438
Vermilion, iron ores, 61
Victoria, British Columbia, 298
Victoria Falls, 420
Victoria, Lake, 420
Vienna, 373
Vineyards, Lake Geneva, 354
Virginia, coal, 82, 84; iron, 61;
tobacco, 136; valley of, 114: water-
ways, 229
Vistula River, 336, 341, 371, 372
Vladivostok, 401
Volga River, 381
Vosges Mountains, 321, 357
Wales, 310; coal fields, 83; roofing
slates, 310
Warsaw, 371, 372, 382
Warwick, Rhode Island, 204
Wasatch Mountains, 117, 118
Washington, 222
Washington state, coal, 84; water
power, 193, 194
Water power, 190-194; Canada, 292,
294
Water resources of the United States,
180~201; artesian wells, 183, 184;
conservation, 181-183; drainage,
199, 200; floods, 199; ice, 190; irri-
gation, 195-199; lakes, 184; mineral
waters, 200, 201; navigation, 190;
new view of water, 181; rivers,
185-189; sources of water, 180;
springs, 183; water power, 1go-
194; wells, 183
Water table, the, 180
Waterford, Ireland, 317
Waterways, Canada, 300, 301; com-
mission on, in United States, 201;
in early days, 229; in Germany,
340-342, 344; map of interior, in
United States, 235; new era, 234-
239. (See Water resources of the
United States)
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