2. The breaking of the syndikate, and, with this, of the power
and prestige of national combinations.
3. The raising of the prices, as a consequence of international
or foreign monopolies, following an occasional but at any
rate temporary reduction of the prices of certain mineral raw
materials; such a raise, of course, proving detrimental to the
remaining industries whose power of competing in the world’s
market is by this broken.
4. Together with its industry, the remaining power and strength
of the state begins to decline, this affecting also its defensive
force; and the result of all this is a condition of dependence,
in other respects too; the state losing its oversea outlets for
export goods, at last is no longer able to give work to its inhabitants
 or to provide for them.
5. Emigration, a decrease in the population, a general state of
decline and dependence are the ultimate results.
Wherever these dangers of onesided, uncontrollable or antinational
 exploitation of deposits were recognized, a legislative reaction
 set in which, to be sure, in its turn migtht easily go too
far. By the creating or increasing of the number of fiscal undertakings,
 by the declaration of state monopolies, by the introduction
 of the principle of issuing special licenses in places of granting
 mining-rights to anybody claiming them according to the
existing laws; yes even by approaching the former principal of
concentrating the general direction of both producing and marketing
 in the hands of a governmental body; by the allotment of
sale and the limiting of prices at home as well as abroad, by a
partial exclusion of foreign competitors and, finally, by measures
partaining to the tariff-policy of the national means of communication.
 These are the various means by which the governments
of the different countries trie to supplement or to replace those
mining-laws which have remained behind the times becoming
either too broad or too narrow. Everywhere a new ore-deposit-legi8-lation
 is setting in which starts from principles of a new kind and
has to depend upon the latest geological knowledge. This legislation
 must likewise be supported hy a scientific code of theory

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