ORES OF FIVE MINOR METALS 123 
Lower Trias has been thrust-faulted over the Palzozoic, 
under which lies a dolomite breccia belonging to the Middle 
Trias. The ores are chiefly in the Wengen beds (Upper 
Trias). Fig. 38 shows that Lipold’s interpretation, estab- 
lished by 1874, has been confirmed ; the Carboniferous beds 
have been thrust from the N. over the Trias by the Alpine 
movements. 
CALIFORNIA AND CHiNa—The mercury fields of California 
(cf. Becker, U.S.G.S., Mon. No. 13, 1888) and of S.W. 
China (F. R. Tegengren, G.S. China, Bull. ii, 1920, pp. 1-36) 
occur in beds shattered and overthrust by the Middle 
18 
1g 
Fo 
Sais 
Fig, 38.—SECTION ACROSS THE IDRIA FIELD. 
Section across the Idria Field showing the thrust plane (after Bloudek). 
T.S., Theresia Shaft; I.S., Insaghi Shaft; J.S., Josefi Shaft; 5, St, 
Cassian Beds ;. Upper Part of Upper Trias. 4, Wengen Beds; Lower 
Part of Upper Trias. Main Ore Bodies, {11}; ... Middle Trias, 
Limestone and Dolomite. 2-2, Lower Trias-Werfen Beds. 1-1, 
Carboniferous-Gailthal Beds (with Land plants); FFF, Faults. T.P., 
Thrust Plane. According to one interpretation the rock at the base 
of the Theresia Shaft is a Cretaceous Limestone and the ore-body 
and adjacent beds have been overthrust on to the limestone. 
Kainozoic mountain-forming movements. Minor deposits of 
Mercury are known in many parts of the world, especially 
along the Alpine-Himalayan mountain system and on the 
western mountains of North and South America. The de- 
Posits are sometimes of very recent date; thus the Pleisto- 
cene lake deposits at Ohzawai in the Bay of Islands, New 
Zealand, contain veinlets of cinnabar with marcasite and 
traces of gold, silver, and antimony, which are being deposited 
by hot water in fissures (A. P. Griffiths, Tr. N.Z IM.E., ii, 
1898, p. 52). 
ASSOCIATION oF Ores with Kawozorc Mountain Move- 
MENTS—The mercury ores are therefore geologically young and