iro THE SHADOW OF THE WORLD’S FUTURE 
and assuredly it can create sympathetic touch inter- 
nationally. "The opponents of this view are those who 
see in human limitations and ignorance greater possi- 
bilities for exploitation in the interests of unscrupulous 
competitions. As we have seen to our cost, the future 
of unfriendliness is fraught with appalling dangers to 
the whole of humanity, and may even mean the blotting 
out of human civilisation. 
An international review of all the greater questions 
affecting mankind seems to be now a sine gua non; must 
it not take into account the migration and settlement 
possibilities of the earth, and the adjustment of the 
normal rights—if there are such rights—of races and 
nations? And will not such adjustments of mutual 
rights include the questions of the possibilities of food- 
supplies and the conditions of mutual well-being of 
the peoples of the whole world ? 
In order that the New Malthusianism may be of the 
greatest service, at least all the greater peoples of the 
earth must react to its demands. Yet the task of 
securing human interest generally seems to be one of 
hopeless magnitude. How is the task to be faced, and 
what elements in it are most pressing? Answers are 
not easy. Ultimately the education of the peasants of 
Russia, of the millions of India and China, and of the 
similar grades in the other parts of the world, is 
involved. It is true, of course, that this may operate 
in two ways. Better agricultural methods in Russia 
would enormously increase the supply of cereals and 
food-stuffs generally. This would tend to increase 
numbers. Ultimately, but by no means at once, the 
effect would be to so raise the standard-of-living as to 
reduce the rapidity of the increase of density. Analpha- 
betas cannot make as effective a use of a country as 
people of appropriate education; and there are to-day 
enormous numbers of analphabetas in the world, and 
it is verv difficult to help them effectively. Readers of