71
all the uninhabitable areas of the globe, as well as all
that is required for his civilised occupancy. This, of
course, may well raise a doubt as to'whether it can
ever be attained, for it involves a perfecting of human
knowledge, of human organisation, and of human
character, which transcends all our ordinary conceptions
 of real possibilities. Existing national egoisms at
present make it an impossible estimate.
The world-averages of the population-densities corresponding
 to the four last-mentioned estimates of
possible population are:—

POPULATION

For 5200 millions, 99-0, sensibly the populationdensity
 for the Feudatory Independent States,
[ndia, viz., 101-2; or of the Philippine Islands,
viz., 99-1.
7ozo millions, 1337, the population-density for
Bulgaria being 1377, Jugo-Slavia 125-0, and
Rumania 142-2.
gooo millions, 1714, the density for Portugal
being 170-0.
11,000 millions, 209-6, the density for Austria
being 201-9, for Hungary 233-0, for British
India 225-7.

For

The world-averages above indicated are an enormous
ncrease on the present world-ayerage of 37, and it is
to be observed that it is not possible to distribute
human beings at all uniformly upon an earth with so
diversified a physical surface, and a surface, too, whose
population-carrying power varies so greatly. It is
obvious therefore that the density of great areas must
be immensely increased, and doubtless some increase
would have to occur everywhere.
The considerations submitted clearly show that the
numbers of human beings which the world-surface
can carry is limited to a relatively small multiple of
the existing population.