[96 THE ZEMSTVOS DURING THE WAR 
cent ; in the interior of the country (east of Moscow), 27.1 per cent. 
Later there were frequent changes in these proportions. When a 
complete set of fifty trains was finally provided, they contained 
17,555 carriages, including 4 first-class, 20 mixed (first- and 
second-class), 58 second-class, 111 third-class, and 490 fourth- 
class carriages, besides 916 heated freight cars and 160 ordinary 
inheated cars. In the course of 1916 the Union of Zemstvos, at 
the special request of the military authorities, equipped twenty- 
six additional trains, so that in 1917 there were seventy-five zem- 
stvo hospital trains in operation. Of these, three were equipped with 
oathing facilities, disinfection chambers, and others appliances for 
the treatment and transport of contagious cases. Three trains were 
itted out at the expense of the Zemstvo Union for the disinfection 
and cleansing service, consisting of seven to nine carriages each; 
special carriages containing a bakery, an ice plant, and a dental 
hospital were also built. They were attached to the hospital trains 
»f the Union and sent wherever necessary. 
The exact number of sick and wounded men evacuated by the 
trains, as shown by the official records, is known only up to Janu- 
ary 1, 1917; by that time the fifty trains of the Union had made 
altogether 8,360 journeys and carried a total of 1,626,531 men." 
We have seen that the evacuation of the sick and wounded from 
the front during the ten months of 1917 previously mentioned pro- 
ceeded even more actively than during the period 1914-1916. At 
that time, seventy-five zemstvo trains, instead of the original fifty 
were in operation. However, even if we assume the average work 
Jone by the seventy-five trains during this period to have been no 
greater than that observed in 1914-1916, in other words, if we al- 
low for an average of 63,000 patients per month, we shall obtain 
for the ten months of 1917, 630,000 additional cases transported, 
making for the entire period of the War a grand total of 2,256,000. 
This figure is manifestly an underestimate. But even so it is more 
than one-half of the total number of sick and wounded soldiers 
svacuated from the front during the thirty-eight months of the 
War, namely 4,300,000. 
The conditions of the patients transported by the zemstvo hos- 
pital trains are known only for the first year of their operation and 
are as follows: seriously wounded, 13.9 per cent; lightly wounded, 
t Tavestia (Bulletin), Nos. 58-60, p. 81.