RELATION OF LEARNING ENGLISH AND FRENCH TO INTERMARRIAGE 169
a co-efficient of correlation by rank differences of — -44 between the proportions unable to
speak either language and the percentages North American born, and one of — -58 with the
length of residence in Canada of the various groups of immigrants arriving from corresponding
countries of birth since the beginning of the century (Column 8).
Undoubtedly there are a number of forces exerting their influence on the proportions
who have learned and are learning the French language. A minimum time requirement is
certainly necessary, and the proportions speaking our languages normally increase with the
years, but the time element is by no means adequate to account for the differences either
in the extent or speed of linguistic assimilation. The alternative seems to be that both the
extent to which the languages of Canada have been acquired and the speed in learning them
are largely matters of origin and possibly in some cases of cognate languages. What holds
true-for intermarriage holds true for language and, as we shall see in the next chapter, obtaine
for illiteracy and school attendance. In their reaction to assimilative forces, the various
stocks differ greatly.
TABLE 104.—SUMMARY SHOWING THE RELATION BETV EEN THE LEARNINC OF THE LANGUAGES
OF CANADA AND (1) INTERMARRIAGE WITH THE BASIC STOCKS OF CANADA, (2) URBAN
DOMICILE AND (3) LENGTH OF CANADIAN RESIDENCE, BY ORIGINS. 1921.
Origin
Austrian.........
Belgian............
Bulgarian..........
Chinese. ..........
SZC... ian.
Danish............
Qube. vo suns vs
‘innish............
Jerman...........
Groek..... coins.
Hebrew...........
Jungarian.........
celandic..........
ndian.............
HaHa wuss swminrnn +
Japanese...........
Negro. ....ovouvee.
Norwegian........
Polish.............
Roumanian........
Russian...........
Serbo-Croatian... .
Swedish...........
Boles... v0 vnieiinns
Ukrainian.........
Percentage
10 years
of age
and over
unable to
speak
English
or French
18-2
4-1
18-0
32-1
6.
1
of
(
15
1.
-2
Rel:
if 4
16-¢
IR
9
0-ae,
Percentage
peaking
English
or French
as their
mother
tongue
Persentage
of
those not
knowing
Inglish as
mother
tongue
who had
wauired 1
3-5
37-8
3.4
81-1
77-2
10-5
31-2
72-3
3-0
16-0
8-8
3-5
3-2
£1
92-8
98-0
72-3
84.7
96-5
91-8
94-6
89.2
93-7
80-0
fa By
17-1 08-4
5-5 85-4
2-9 86-0
4-2 82-3
5-1 -
17-4 97-3
61-8 93-8
0-6 73.6
Per-Ringe
Nort
American
born
53-42
37-04
15-58
7-58
55.81
61-69
91-43
43-60
85-32
2.77
44.17
54-37
61-41
99-76
45-84
27-41
91-76
£6-45
54-60
45-82
55-80
42.32
54.22
75-02
R4.AL
Percentage
of males
married
into
British
and French |
atocks
1-55
27-90
27-04
4-08
11-66
38-05
46-23
4-89
18-92
31-22
1-67
2-21
14.2¢
8-07
rl
2
44-0-7¢
Percentage
of males
married
into
English
stock
1-34
9-48
23-52
3-38
9-62
34-38
43-4F
4.07
if
2
-9!
20-4
36-8!
0-6"
Percentage
of
popilation
in cities
25,000
and over
13-24
17-29
44.87
10-80
17-82
11-84
5-96
£39
4-20
34-08
1.03
3-06
~.52
98
-5%
97
"+55
10
C18
17
“-63
11
"60
$35
Average
number of
years
immigrants
arriving
since 190
from corresponding
countries
of birth
had been
in Canada
in 1021
11-6
8-5
9:8
2.0
9-7
9-5
10-9
12-3
g.5
12-6
14.8
9.5
0.3
11-6
10-3
12-0
10-¢
11-9
9.3
