CHANGES IN THE PROPORTION OF DIFFERENT STOCKS 47 
The first point to note is the wide range of percentage increases. In the decade 1901-11 
they fluctuated between the limits of minus 17 p.c. for the Indians (partly due to change in 
census methods) to plus 1159 p.e. for a group of minor stocks specified in footnote three of 
the table. Such extreme fluctuations emphasize the plastic nature of our population. 
The second fact is the appearance of a group of stocks whose percentage increase is less 
than that for the total population of Canada. There were five in the decade 1901-1911, which 
when arranged in descending order of magnitude are as follows: —- 
Per cent. 
British.. «. .. cv ch er ve er ee ae. 27-22 
Pronmlios on we mo 5m 5m 5% 58 56 35 sr mm mw sw wn sow wn wn che 24-59 
Greek.. .. .. «. Lo... a... 23-50 
Negro.. .. ov v0 vv vv ov 4 - 321 
IIA ve an wi od Sk 56 2 EE BE em am ms te te vr 2m 2 or re ve aamTEoanm 
Though the English section of the British grew 10 p.c. faster then the population as a 
whole, the British group increased 7 p.c. less rapidly than the total population. The French 
showed an increase of only 24-59 p.c., as against 34-17 p.c. for Canada as a whole. 
The relative significance of various factors in bringing about these results cannot well be 
weighed. The smallness of French immigration as compared with that of other stocks and 
the high mortality rate, especially among infants, in French Canada probably account for the 
striking difference between the Dominion rate and that for the French. The magnitude of 
the difference is not so great in the following decade, but the unfavourable rate of growth in 
the French population persisted. 
That the rate for the Greeks was lower than that of the Dominion in 1901-1811 is offset 
by an increase nearly three times as great as the general increase for the Dominion in the 
next decade. Absolute decreases shown for the Negro and Indian stocks are turned into 
Increases between 1911 and 1921, but the percentage increases are only a fraction of that for 
Canada as a whole, which confirms the tendencv noted above, as to the decline of the pro- 
portion of those stocks in Canada. 
In the third place attention is drawn to the magnitude of the numerical and percentage 
increases for the Asiatic and European stocks (other than British and French). As a group, 
the other European stocks increased by four times as large a proportion as did the English 
and French. The rate was such as to more than double the European stocks in the one 
decade, and was much higher for specific origins. For example, the Belgians and Scandina- 
vians trebled; the Hebrews and Italians increased more than fourfold, and the Poles and 
Finns, respectively, were numerically five and six times as strong in 1911 as in 1901. The 
Asiatics increased three times as rapidly as the British. 
These figures appear extremely large when compared with the increases of 27-22 p.c. for 
the British, 24-59 p.c. for the French and 34-17 p.c. for the population as a whole. It must 
not, of course, be inferred that such extreme differences are likely to be repeated or could 
possibly obtain for any length of time. Were the doors thrown open to Orientals, the rate of 
increase of these people in Canada would undoubtedly soar for some years, but such an event 
may be dismissed as beyond the range of probability. For Europe, however, the case is dif- 
ferent. Continental Europe has a more or less determinate surplus of population for emigra- 
tion each year. With the gradually declining birthrate, that surplus will grow smaller. 
But, as the numbers of the several stocks in Canada grow, larger and larger streams of 
immigrants would be required to keep up these abnormally large percentage increases. 
Thus, such diversity in rates of growth among the various elements in our population as 
was witnessed: in the first ten years of the century wili not likely be repeated, and even if 
repeated in some subsequent decade, could not go on indefinitely. 
The decline of the immigration of European stocks, however, will not be as rapid as 
might be expected. Hitherto Canada has been receiving only a portion of the excess popu- 
lation of Europe. Much larger numbers have gone to the United States. With that country