of the farms which have joined the collective farms is 
evidenced both in the rate of growth of the collective 
farms themselves and in a decided improvement in the 
well-being of the members of the collective farms. The 
improved living conditions of the members of the col- 
lective farms, the increase in their well-being, is based 
on the increase in productivity of labor of the members 
of the collective farms. These new rates of growth 
in the productivity of labor in agriculture have re- 
sulted in the current year in new rates of growth in 
grain production. Prior to last year the annual in- 
crease in sown area in the U. S. S. R. was from 4 to 5 
per cent, while in the current year, as a result of the 
increased productivity of labor in the collective and 
state farms, the increase in the total sown area 
amounted to 10 per cent, and in the collective farms, 
to from 80 to 40 per cent. Moreover, the collective 
and state farms are already manifesting great pro- 
ductivity in the field of animal husbandry. We may 
thus expect that the development of animal husbandry 
in the socialized sector of agriculture will in the 
course of the next few years make up for the present 
damage which was inflicted on animal husbandry dur- 
ing the past year due to lack of feed and to the resist- 
ance to collectivization on the part of the kulaks.* 
In the collective farms, organized in 1928 and in 
operation in 1929, the increase in value of all means 
of production amounted in Uzbekistan to 110 per cent; 
in Turkmenistan to 109 per cent; in Kirghizia to 133 
per cent. Together with the general growth of pro- 
duction in collective farms, there has been taking place 
a considerable improvement in the living conditions of 
those joining the collective farms, an improvement in- 
*In 1930 the number of live stock was reduced as follows: 
bulls—10 per cent, cows—I12 per cent and hogs—40 per cent. 
29