NATIONAL ORIGINS PROVISION OF IMMIGRATION LAW 97 
see that a good many persons were on these ships who were not 
British. 
A second element that enters into this question is that, when the 
foreign immigrant came to these shores—and that was particularly 
true m the Philadelphia port—those fearful-sounding names rang 
rather harsh and strange in the ears of the British officers, who could 
not pronounce them, much less spell them. So they just proceeded to 
Anglicize them at the very moment of entry into this country, and 
wrote the name down as it sounded to them and not according to its 
European speliing. There were many cases of this kind, I am told. 
Another very important element that enters into this is the fact 
that to trace national origins means largely as a rule to trace the 
name, because up until a very recent date those statistics were not 
analyzed for that purpose, and we know they are not available. 
Marriage would change it; you would have the classical example in 
this book by Faust, that has been quoted by Mr. Lewis, as to what 
happens to a man who marries an Irish woman who had an English 
father and a Swedish mother, and so on down the line; and it takes 
you entirely into the realm of the impossible. 
Then, too, there were a lot of Germans and a lot of Italians and 
others of all nationalities—Slovaks and Ukranians and so on—who 
had unpronounceable names, and who Anglicized them for matters of 
convenience, business, or politics. You will find many thousands of 
such cases in the records in the courts of those States which require 
a regular procedure to do that sort of thing. 
Senator Reep. But not prior to 1790? 
Mr. Mowrrz. Not, perhaps, prior to 1790. But the difficulty is 
that prior to that time there were no substantial records available, 
and all of it is based upon guesswork. Now, those of us who be- 
lieve that the first duty of an immigrant is—and the first duty of 
those who preceeded them and who have had the advantage of the 
teachings and the institutions of this country—is to, as quickly as 
possible, bring that new immigrant’s mind to a point where he will 
readily assimilate into our social structure. 
And when we do that we get away from the idea of keeping nation- 
alities in this country segregated because of their nationalities, and 
we give them a new interest which will lead them to the position of 
mind where they will not, as Mr. Lewis has quoted General Pershing, 
decide American questions from an European standpoint. I think 
that was very well put, and it concerns one of the great evils which 
we must avoid. 
You know there is rivalry between nations. But I am not one of 
those who even before the war believed in twisting of the lions 
tail every time you wanted to get a cheer out of a crowd of listeners, 
and therefore I do not say this in the sense of jealousy or rivalry 
with the British. But I do say this, that when you are confronted 
with a schedule which is based palpably upon a guess, and which 
while it gives overwhelmingly to one nation at the expense of other 
nations, there must inevitably arise the question of unfairness and 
discrimination—and if it is not a guess, then all the journals I am 
prepared to quote to you, all the writers, all the authorities are 
wrong, and the administrations was twice wrong in refusing to put 
it into effect