NATIONAL ORIGINS PROVISION OF IMMIGRATION LAW 7 
Senator Ree. Mr. Boggs, what proportion of the population of 
Europe, or what proportion of the area of Europe, is under a differ- 
ent sovereignty to-day than that under which it was in 1890% 
Mr. Bogs. Approximately one-seventh or one-eighth of the popu- 
lation of Europe has changed sovereignties since 1918. 
Senator Reep. Are you incuding Russia in that? 
Mr. Boges. Yes, sir. 
Senator Rexp. And Russia has an area that has not changed 
sovereignty ? 
Mzr. Bocas. I am including Russia with the countries in which there 
has been geographical change. TI also include Turkish Asia. 
Senator Reep. In the effort to determine the 1890 quotas it is neces- 
sary to estimate the number of persons who come from that area 
which changed sovereignty, is it not? 
Mr. Bocas. Yes, sir, 
Senator Reep. In other words, in establishing the Polish quota, 
you have to guess from the Russian, Austrian, and German figures of 
1890 what quota should be apportioned to Poland, do you not? 
Mr. Boaes. Yes, sir. 
Senator Rerp. And that is true of all the quotas that have been 
created ? 
Mr. Boces. Yes; where boundaries have been changed. 
Senator Reep. And it is true of the areas that have transferred 
their sovereignty from one old country to another old country, as 
Alsace-Lorraine? 
Mr. Boges. Yes, sir. 
Senator Reep. So that the factor of error is there, and the element 
of error is possible in the census of 1890 just as it is with the children 
of the foreign born reported in the 1920 census; is not that so? 
Mr. Boas. Yes. 
The Crarrman. Yes; but in your computations you took into con- 
sideration all those matters, did you not, in the original computations? 
It not possible that all matters of that sort were not considered, 
is it ? 
Mr. Bocas. They were considered. 
The Cuairman. Why, of course. Now, how great is the possibility 
of error in computation such as has been suggested ? 
Mr. Bocas. There is an appreciable element of uncertainty when 
you take into account the effect of the geographical adjustments 
which are made with respect to each country which lost territory— 
not those which gained territory—and that those countries which 
have lost territory total about 55 per cent of the population of Europe. 
The adjustments must be made in the United States census report 
statistics, whatever they may be, with reference to those countries. 
About one-fourth of the population of the countries which have lost 
territory, or one-seventh of the entire population of Europe, has 
changed sovereignty. So that affects directly the whole of the present 
quotas, and it affects two major elements of the national-origins 
quotas directly. 
The Cuamman. What are the two major elements of the national- 
origins quotas? : 
Mr. Boggs. The children and grandchildren factors.