NATIONAL ORIGINS PROVISION OF IMMIGRATION LAW 61 
cases of that sore wash out one another, and that most persons born 
in Ireland are Irish, and most persons who are born in Germany are 
Germans; and that the exceptions rather cancel one another and 
our common senge tells us that most persons are born in the country 
in which their race lives. } } 
The national-origins calculations, you see, take into account all 
those persons who have immigrated into the United States since 
1790, and for many of them we have precise statements of their 
origins. We have statements of the 1920 census of the country of 
origin of the persons born here whose parents were born abroad; 
and there again we have an element that is very definite. 
What method do you prefer to national origins? 
Doctor FriepENwALD. I do not know, but I would like to see any 
sane method but that method utilized. If you want to restrict immi- 
oration, if that is your point, then .do it on some basis which can 
be justified not merely by the calculations which are largely based 
on guess of men who are called statisticians, but on some rational 
basis, either upon a reading and writing test as we do now on the 
basis of population. But you can not determine national origins. 
Take my family. T do not know what it is. Take the Jews, par- 
ticularly. They probably are about as pure a race as exists. There 
are no pure races. There is no such thing as a pure race. “There 
ain’t any such animal.” The Jews are probably as pure a race as 
exists. But they have intermarried, largely among gentiles, all over 
the world, and. as in the case of my own family, there has been a 
perfectly enormous intermarrying of Jews and Christians in every 
country where Jews have ever lived. 
How can you determine what racial origins is? And national 
origin means racial origin, practically, as worked out; and that is 
the reason I regard as hopeless any racial-origins standard. I can 
not understand it and I am pot attempting to. It is perfectly im- 
possible for me to do it. 
Senator Rerp. We are seeking light from you, Doctor. Of course, 
it is perfectly obvious somebody must do something. What should 
we do to substitute a method for national origins? Do vou believe 
in numerical limitations of immigration? 
Doctor Frmpexwarp. I may state quite frankly that I do not 
believe in restriction of immigration except to keep out the people 
who are lame, halt, and blind, who are diseased and are liable to 
become a public charge. In other words, any able-bodied man or 
woman, I believe, is an asset to the country. 
Senator Reep. Now, let me interrupt, Doctor, at that point. 
Doctor FriepeNwarp. Let me finish what T wanted to sav? 
Senator Rep. Certainly. 
Doctor FriepeENwarp. Now, then, the country has determined to 
differ from me, and I accept that. The method by which you de- 
termine who may enter the country is upon the basis of population 
already existing here. Why do you want to complicate it? That 
method is complicated enough. Why complicate it more by adding 
to it what to my mind is absolutely impossible of working out on 
any basis, not only of reason, but in fairness to the people here or 
the people we want to allow to come in? 
IERRE_ 90K