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approval is awarded the applicant. The devices
submitted for approval are usually sent to the Department
 by manufacturers of the devices, but it
trequently happens that the industry affected by a
regulation will design a device of its own and submit
it for approval. This latter practice is growing and
's most gratifying to the Department because it indisates
 an increased interest in accident-prevention
work by industrial plants.

Two of the codes of regulations enforced by the
Department cover boilers and elevators. Among
other provisions are requirements for periodical inspections
 by approved inspectors. Insurance companies have a cooper-\tive
 understanding with the Department, and their boiler and elevator
inspectors, as well as those of the Department, must pass examinations
‘0 determine their qualifications for the posts. For this reason the
[ndustrial Board has two advisory boards composed of technical experts,
 one for boilers and one for elevators. These advisory boards
meet quarterly and conduct examinations, the results of which determine
 whether or not the Board shall authorize the
granting of. certificates of competency to applicants
for inspectors’ commissions.
The advisory boards are also utilized when expert
technical advice is needed in the conduct of the business
 of the Industrial Board insofar as boilers and
elevators are concerned. These two advisory boards
receive no remuneration other than actual expenses,
and their service is of inestimable value to the Department,
 to employers, workers and the public.
The personnel of the Boiler Board is made up of
representatives of boiler manufacturers, of insur- James S. Arnold
ance companies, and of the cities of Philadelphia and Sporty
Erie, the latter two representing boiler owners and the public. W.P.
Eales, Travelers Insurance Company of Hartford, Conn.; John M.
Lukens, Chief Boiler, Inspector, City of Philadelphia; James Speed,
Chief Boiler Inspector, City of Erie; and George W. Bach, Union Iron
Works, Erie, Pa., constitute this Board.
The Elevator Board has representation from elevator manufacturers,
elevator erectors, engineers, insurance companies, and cities of Philadelphia
 and Pittsburgh, the latter two representing elevator owners
and the public. This Board comprises William McD. Manning, of the
Otis Elevator Company, Philadelphia; James Heron, Elevator Constructors’
 Union, Philadelphia; W. S. Atkinson, Ashland, N. J.; W. P.
Eales, Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn.; Samuel B.
Brooks, Chief of the Bureau of Elevator Inspection of the City of
Philadelphia; and William E. Alexander. Bureau of Building Inspeection
 of the City of Pittsburgh.
The second major function of the Industrial Board is to act as a
board of appeal in the interest of industry and the public. By industry
 is meant both employer and employe. This service may be obtained
 in either of two ways. Where enforcement of a regulation by
the Department imposes upon anyone a hardship that seems unwarranted
 in the licht of existing local conditions, appeal may be taken