134 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
This opens up the whole subject of State aid, which despite frequent warnings
¢ontinueés strongly intrenched in Federal operations. While the amount of money
taken annually from the Federal Treasury for subsidies to States is not incon
siderable, the dangers inherent in the policy are of far greater importance. To
relieve the States of their just obligations by resort to the Federal Treasury in the
final result is hurtful rather than helpful to the State, and unfair to the payers of
national taxes. To tempt the States by Federal subsidies to sacrifice their vested
rights is not a wholesome practice no matter how worthy the object to be attained.
Federal interference in State functions can never be justified as a permanent
continuing policy even if, which is doubtful, such interference is warranted by
emergent conditions as a temporary expedient. As shown in the maternity and
infaney det, when once the Government engages in such an enterprise it is almost
impossible to terminate its connection therewith. We should not only decidedly
refuse to countenance additional Federal participation in State-aid projects,
but should make careful study of all our activities of that character with a view
bo eurtailing them.
PIRST MESSAGE TO CONGRESS OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
To maintain inviolate the rights of the States to order and control under the
Constitution their own affairs by their own judgemnt exclusively is essential for
the preservation of that balance of bower on which our institutinng reat
MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT COOLIDGE. TRANSMITTING THE BUDGET, PECEMEBER
1 am including in this budget an estimate of $1,108,000 for the promotion of the
welfare and hygiene of maternity and infancy. 1 refer to this estimate for two
reasons. The first is, that the authorization for this appropriation expires with
the fiscal year 1929. The second is, that it marks the termination of Federa)
contribution to a projeet which is for State control and administration. The
extension for two years of the provisions of the act for the promotion of the
welfare and hygiene of maternity and infancy was approved with the understand-
ing that its administration during these two added years would be with a view
to the discontinuance of Federal aid thereafter. Six years of experience under the
able administration that has characterized the Government's policy warrants
this permanent withdrawal of Federal aid, assured that the States are now or
should be able to carrv on this work without aid or interference from the Federal
lovernment
The CrarrmaN. 1 am going to call from this list that you have
given me, Mr. Cadwalader. a distinguished member of the Maryland
bar.
Mr. Capwarsper. Mr. Chairman, if it is agreeable to the coms-
mittee, Mrs. Cooke, I believe, who is here from Boston, desires to go
ahead. It is perfectly agreeable to me if it is to the committee to let
her go first.
The Crarrman. I understood you were to address yourself to the
»onstitutional question.
Mr. CapwaLapkR. Yes, sir.
The Craairman. I think we shall hear vou first.
STATEMENT OF THOMAS F. CADWALADER, REPRESENTING THE
SENTINELS OF THE REPUBLIC. BALTIMORE. MD,
Mr. Capwaraper. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee :
I represent here the Sentinels of the Republic, whieh is an organiza-
tion formed some 8 or 10 years ago by a group of citizens in several
cities; Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, and
other places, with a rather distinguished executive committee of 50
or 60 persons, I think. I can furnish their names. Many of them are
known to this committee. In fact, one distinguished member of this
committee, Mr. Tucker, is a member of that executive committee.
