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UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES 153 
Mr. Hammer. That is my State. It never had such a law. It 
would not have the ghost of a chance of getting through there. 
[Laughter] 
Miss Cooke. I can not agree with you. 
Mr. Hammer. They tried to impose a license fee to keep them from 
caking the colored people north, but the Constitution interfered with 
them in that respect. But I do not know of any Southern State that 
has tried to interfere with their going from one county to another. 
[t may be. South Carolina is suggested as one. The Southern States 
objected very strenuously to their taking the negroes north and tried 
to enact legislation, but that is past. 
Miss Cooke. Pardon me, Congressman; there is a State Supreme 
Court decision on that question. I think it came up a matter of 12 
2 13 years ago, but the law stands and the law stands in all of those 
States. 
Mr. CurisroruersoN. Mr. Chairman, those States statutes would 
not have any bearing on this legislation, anyway. 
Miss Cooke. Well those States would not cooperate in this clearing 
system. My reason for bringing it up was because of the state- 
ment—-— 
Mr. Hammer. You brought it out as an argument against the bill. 
Miss Cooke. No. 
The Cuamrman. It was on cross-examination in reply to a question 
that you brought that out, 
Miss Cooke. Certainly— 
The CrairMaN. I suppose the reason was—I do not know—to 
prevent one employer from stealing labor from another. 
Mr. Hammer. No; it is just a license tax. They call it stealing, 
but it is really a system of peonage. 
Mr. Jonas. Mr. Chairman, the Congressman mentions South 
Carolina, about which I happen to know. I represented a dozen 
or so farmers in my State that went down in South Carolina to bring 
labor back to North Carolina and they all got indicted and got in 
jail down there and I had a pretty hard time to get them out. 
[Laughter.] 
The CrA1RMAN. That is stealing labor from one State to another. 
STATEMENT OF FRED J. WINSLOW, CHICAGO, ILL., REPRESENT- 
ING THE ILLINOIS EMPLOYMENT BOARD 
Mr. WinsLow. My name is Fred J. Winslow, from Chicago. I 
represent the Illinois Employment Board. If I may make a state- 
ment, I should appreciate the privilege of doing so without inter- 
ruption. 
Mr. MicHENER. Is your organization a State organization, or is 
that a trade name taken by a private agency? 
Mr. Winsvow. It is comprised of private employment agencies 
Sgnged in the business of placing men and women. It is not a public 
office. 
The CraIRMAN. And you appear in opposition to one of these bills 
or all of them? 
Mr. Winsrow. In opposition ot S. 3060, and S. 3060 only. 
The CrairMaN. Very well; you may proceed.