[38 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES 
are unable to get accurate statistics of unemployment. But if they 
zot it from the Federal Government, they could plan ahead so as to 
stabilize their dinstry. You can begin a circle which helps to stabilize 
all the different economic activities and I have very great hopes for 
it as a solution of this question of unemployment. 
Now let us turn to the bill, which seems to be the center of attack. 
Somebody suggested this morning, one of these gentlemen, perhaps 
uninformed again, that there are no employment exchanges in 
England and none in Germany. They have any amount of employ- 
ment exchanges. That is the center, the crux, of their whole effort 
to solve unemployment—the employment exchanges. We have alto- 
gether 170 offices, and here is Great Britain, with a population of only 
42,000,000 as against our 120,000,000, and she has 1,162 public 
exchanges; Germany, with a population of 62,000,000, has 1,293 public 
exchanges—to bring the man to the job. They found it absolutely 
assential during their trying times to have these exchanges, first, to 
segregate the individual, to find out what he can do, what kind of a 
mechanic he is, and then to send him to the job that wants that type 
of man. We have no such analysis here. 
Secondly, here is the way they are attacking the technological 
unemployment. A man has lost his craft; they find out just about 
what kind of work he can do and they have a vocational training 
school connected with the employment exchange. THe is put in there 
for a week or two, readjusted, so that with his mechanical skill he 
can do some other type of work for which there is a demand and back 
he goes into the new employment and maintains his standard of 
living. That is what these employment exchanges are doing there. 
And let me say, too, that in all of these conferences where the sub- 
ject of unemployment has been discussed, they have all recom- 
mended employment exchanges, as a part of a proeram to deal with 
this subject,—everyone of them. 
Mr. Mox~rague. Did they recommend the transportation of those 
seeking work to these various places? 
Senator WAGNER. Yes; they spoke of interstate placement. 
Mr. Montague. Yes, I know; but did they say the Government 
shall transport them from one place to another, free of expense? 
Senator Wagner. They recommended employment exchanges and 
one of the functions of the employment exchange is interstate place- 
ment, which must mean that their function is to take the man from 
the place where he is, to the place where he is wanted. 
Mr. MonTaGuE. Do these present private agencies do that in 
any way? 
Senator WaeNER. Well, you see, they have not this cooperation, 
The purpose of this whole legislation is to bring about cooperation 
between the States. 
Mr. Montacue. Yes; I understand that. 
Senator WAGNER. Much of the opposition to-day went on the 
assumption there are not any State public employment exchanges. 
Twenty-five States have employment exchanges to-day; but none of 
them 1s informed as to the economic condition of another State. 
Now New York State cooperates by a special arrangement with 
the State of New Jersey; the employment exchanges of the State of 
New Jersey cooperate with the employment exchanges of the State of 
New York. Miss Perkins related that before the Senate committee.