30 UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES 
Mr. Green. I believe that is the case, Congressman, although I 
have not just at my finger’s end a report of that kind. That is my 
understanding and impression. 
Mr. LAGuarpia. The New York report of 1910 expressed that 
point. 
Senator WaeNer. Miss Perkins is here. She is the industrial 
commissioner of New York and I think she will give us some inter- 
esting testimony on that very subject. 
Mr. GreEN. Yes, Miss Perkins, I am sure will give you complete 
information on that, so far as she can speak for New York. 
The CrairMAN. Mr. Green, who is the author of the brief? 
Mr. GreeN. The distinguished attorney of the American Federa- 
tion of Labor, Mr. Easby-Smith of Washington. He prepared this 
brief after making a very exhaustive and careful investigation of the 
decisions and the points raised by my distinguished friend, Mr. 
Emery, and after the address had been delivered by Senator Bingham 
a few nights ago. 
Mr. CeLLER. Mr. Green, did we not have Federal employment 
agencies established during the war? 
Mr. GREEN. Yes, sir. 
Mr. CeLLeR. And that functioned adequately for the purposes of 
the emergency, did it not? 
Mr. Green. Very well. It functioned very well. 
Mr. CeLLER. Do you, as president of the American Federation of 
Labor, find in your studies that the present employment agencies 
of the States are adequate for the purpose of coping with the present 
unemployment situation? 
Mr. Green: Totally inadequate, and particularly the private 
employment agencies. Workers are compelled to turn to these private 
employment agencies and you know what the situation is there. 
They are compelled to pay a fee and they all of them deal with local 
situations rather than with the national situation. There is no 
cooperation, 
Mr. CeLLER. Do you think it fair to compel the man out of em- 
ployment to pay a fee to get a job? 
Mr. Green. [ think it is an injustice. 
Mr. CerLEr. Do you think a Federal employment agency might 
remedy that situation? 
Mr. Green. Wonderfully. 
Mr. CeLLER. There are a number of countries that prohibit the 
charging of fees for the purpose of getting jobs for unemploved: is 
that correct? 
Mr. GREEN. Yes, sir. 
Mr. CeLLER. 1 believe that is true of five Provinces in Canada and 
seven European countries. 
Mr. Green. I could not give you the number, but I do know that 
that statement is correct; that it is prohibited by statute in certain 
laces. 
P Mr. Cerrer. Do you find also, Mr. Green, that much unemploy- 
ment is due to so-called technological displacement of men as a result 
of labor-saving devices? 
Mr. GREEN. A very great deal of it. In fact, when conditions are 
normal, more than 9 per cent of all the working people of the country 
are unemployed, and much of that is due to technological unemploy- 
ment.