UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES 67 
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the twelve months of the years. Both of these companies, the East- 
man Kodak Co. and the Bausch-Lomb Co. have told us their payrolls 
have not varied in the course of a year $300 in any given month in 
these periods of depression which we have gone through. That was 
corroborated by a men’s clothing company, high class tailors, in 
Style-Grade clothing. They had worked out a system and had given 
their people forty-eight weeks work in the year, and they had only 
three hundred people in their company, a paper company in New 
York State, in Troy. And there are many thrilling descriptions that 
tome to us from leading industrialists for the establishment of means 
to prevent unemployment in their own particular industries. 
In other words, capable management is taking the problem of seas- 
onal unemployment in hand in a scientific way, and with great good- 
will, and with appreciation of the fact that the settlement of that 
Problem is essential for the health of the whole of American industry. 
I think it is obvious to every one who has studied the situation over 
the many years in which we have data, that prosperity in America, in 
the face of the multitude types of improved machinery, that it depends 
more and more in extending the consumer market. If we are being 
able by mass production, to manufacture so many more cameras and 
high class overcoats and suits and shoes and stockings, then we must 
find a place to sell them. We must have an extending consumer 
market. The lowering of the cost of production on these mass-pro- 
duced goods makes it possible for poorer people to buy them and it 
brings into the consuming class of the public the wage earners of 
America. So you see the problem is to build up and keep up the 
Wage-earning consumer market, and maintain the American level in 
industry and in living. 
. Now, as I said, the industrialist himself will probably manage to 
Iron out the season curves in production and get rid of seasonal unem- 
ployment in industries by diversifying production and by securing 
advance orders and paying bonuses on advance orders. Procter & 
Gamble Co. give a reduction or a bonus to people who will order their 
soap on an annual basis, and so that they can have some basis for a 
stabilized production program. } 
These things will go a long way to getting rid of these seasonal 
unemployment periods; and in that way the Government can give a 
great deal of help to these people bv information collected in a national 
way. : 
As to the problem of technological unemployment the industries 
can do much toward mitigating technological unemployment by 
timing the introduction of new devices and machinery which save 
labor, with the object of seeing that they are introduced at the time 
when they are expanding. That is, they should be introduced when 
the industry is expanding. . . 
. Many employers are aware of that fact and will testify they have 
introduced their labor-saving machinery and devices in such a way 
as to take up the natural falling off in the number of employees, who 
leave their employment. oo 
_ In this attempt the Government should assist industry by supply- 
ing industry with information; with work that can be brought into 
play at the proper times to take up the slack in employment, the slack 
In technological employment. And, with the assistance which may 
come to an industry, where the worker is displaced through unemploy-