UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES 77 
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Mr. Doucras. They could. Of course, generally speaking, single 
men are much more migratory in their habits than married men, and 
then the automobile of to-day, its wide use, has made migration much 
more feasible than where railroad fares had to be considered. Of 
course, it would only move men who wished to go to the new place in 
search of prospective work, which was being offered in other cities. 
Mr. Sumners. Down in my country the people used to ship 
perishable goods to commission markets on consignment, and when 
they arrived at these markets they would be under great expense of 
refrigeration and the waste through deterioration; but now they 
have abandoned that plan and they try to get sales in advance of 
shipments. I am not now speaking as an “economist” but merely 
from the viewpoint of plain horse sense. } 
Mr. Dovucras. I am speaking of men moving from one city, where 
there is no employment, to other cities where there is employment 
to be had, and where you have a centralized system of labor clearance 
wn the different States. 
Mr. LAGuarpia. It is your idea that the way to relieve the 
unemployment situation is to employ part of the labor all the time— 
or is it your idea to employ all the labor part of the time? 
Mr. Dovuaeras. I would say that ultimately we should employ all 
labor all the time. . . i 
Mr. LaGuarpia. From what you have said I am trying to find 
out whether it is your idea to relieve the unemployment situation, 
whether it was better to employ part of the labor all of the time, or 
all of the labor a part of the time. 
~ Mr. Dovucuras. i would say that with unemployment which exists 
in prosperous times, it is better to squeeze out the water and get some 
People who would not have any work at the jobs they previously had, 
80 that they could be placed in jobs where they could work all the 
time, 
Mr. LaGuarpia. Yes; but I am asking you what your idea is from 
what you have said to this committee. Now, to relieve this situation, 
are you advocating and using the illustrations you made a while ago, 
are you advocating the use of part of the labor all of the time to relieve 
the unemployment situation? i . . 
Mr. DovcgLas. I think you are unintentionally putting me in a 
position where my answer will seem heartless and cruel. 1 say: If 
1t is a choice of giving 1,000 men partial employment as against keep- 
ing 700 men fully employed, with the other 300 released for other 
work elsewhere; I would choose the second alternative. 
Mr. LaGuarpia. Your idea would be to keep all of your labor 
smployed, even though it was part time; or just what is your idea? 
Mr. Doveras. I would labor to get all the labor employed the 
maximum of the time. 
. Now, there is another advantage I can see for employers, and that 
1s that at the present time, at this moment, there is a costly affair for 
employers. For instance, there is an establishment in Chicago 
which hires annually 25,000 workers. To do’ that hiring of 25,000 
workers, they have to interview 250,000 workers; in other words, for 
every worker employed, they interview 10 employees. That is a 
very costly thing, and that is duplicated in a large number of other 
establishments in the country. They must do that as people tramp 
from place to place, seeking work, and there is no central place to