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and the mountainous districts. In the plains, the Liao and 
the Sungari run, forming fertile belts along the main and 
branch rivers. Particularly, in the Liao Valley, reclamation 
work has long been in progress, putting out half the total 
Bean harvests, the foremost staple product of Manchuria. 
The Sungari Valley is far larger in area than the Liao 
Valley, being located farther from Shantung and Chihli 
that furnish the bulk of immigrants into Manchuria. It 
contained a comparatively small area of arable land, yield- 
ing a correspondingly inconsiderable amount of agricultural 
produce. A salutary change came over since the Chinese 
Eastern Railway was opened to traffic, attended with a 
steady increase in Bean production. In recent years 
especially, the reclamation of virgin land in the Liao Valley 
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seems to have been brought to an end, turning the tide of 
immigration that has assumed the form of a veritable flood 
lately from Shantung way, mainly to the Sungari Valley. 
The Bean production has thus become remarkably expend- 
ed. Still, much pnrecleimed space is left in the Sungari 
Valley, and the increase of Bean production in the future 
must depend upon the progress of reclamation work in 
North Manchuria, principally about the Sungari Valley. 
We shall now indicate the cultivation area and Bean 
production according to the three provinces of Manchuria.